A CriticalStudy of Buddhist Ethicsas Presentedinthe Milinda Panha

Abstract

The thesis titled “A Critical Study of Buddhist Ethics as Presented in the Milinda Pañhã Scripture" aims: 1) to study the principles of Buddhist ethics, 2) to examine the historical background and essential content of the Milinda Pañhã scripture and 3) to analyze the Buddhist ethics found in the Milinda Pañhã scripture. The research’s findings were founded as follows:

The principles of Buddhist ethics entail the moral teachings of the Buddhism concerning the pursuit of the highest good in human life and the criteria for judging human conduct being as right or wrong, good or bad. Buddhist ethics are divided into three levels namely: the elementary level, consisting of the Five Precepts; the intermediate level, consisting of the Ten Virtues of Merit Making; and the advanced level, consisting of the Eightfold Path. The criteria for determining goodness or badness, according to the Buddhist perspectives are as follows: 1) on the motive of the action, 2) on the consequence of the action, 3) on the introspection. The goal of Buddhist ethics is the happiness in life, both on the mundane or supra-mundane levels which is the ultimate happiness.

The Milinda Pañhã, an ancient and significant scripture in Buddhism, does not reveal its author’s name. Having believed that it  has been composed around the 500 B.E. It also appeared in Madhurasapakasinitika. The main contents of the Milinda Pañhã revolved around resolving various doubts in different doctrines by the Elder Naga Sena towards the King Milinda.

On analyzing Buddhist ethics as presented in the Milinda Pañhã, researchers have identified two characteristics namely : 1) Traditional Characteristics: These are the fundamental principles of natural truth according to the teachings of Buddhism.
2) Contemporary Characteristics: These can apply Buddhist teachings to explain current societal issues.