An Integrated Buddhist-Based Model for Conflict Reduction and Harmony Building in Three-Generation Families in Chiang Mai Province

Abstract

This study aimed to examine (1) the patterns and mechanisms for conflict reduction and (2) the approaches to strengthening harmony in three-generation families under the Buddhist-integrated framework in Chiang Mai Province. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study population comprised three-generation families in Chiang Mai Province. The quantitative sample consisted of 360 participants selected through stratified random sampling by age group: youth, working-age adults, and older adults, with 120 participants in each group. In addition, 24 key informants for the qualitative component were selected through purposive sampling. The total number of participants was 384. Research instruments included a questionnaire, in-depth interview guidelines, and focus group discussion questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis using a systematic process of categorization, interpretation, and thematic synthesis.

The findings revealed that (1) overall, the participants reported a high level of agreement regarding the application of Buddhist principles to reduce conflict and enhance harmony among three-generation family members, reflecting strong acceptance of Buddhist teachings as practical mechanisms for supporting family relationships. (2) The qualitative findings indicated that major sources of intergenerational conflict stemmed from differences in roles, responsibilities, expectations, and patterns of communication across generations. The effective application of key Buddhist principles including the Aparihāniyadhamma (principles of non-decline), mutual compromise, reciprocity in communication, and mutual acceptance together with their integration into the Lanna cultural context, such as religious activities and local traditions, was found to clearly contribute to conflict reduction and the strengthening of family harmony. The knowledge contribution of this study is the development of a Buddhist-integrated model for conflict reduction and harmony enhancement in three-generation families, grounded in Buddhist teachings and local cultural foundations. This model can serve as a socio-cultural conceptual framework for promoting peaceful coexistence, constructive communication, and sustainable family relationships in contemporary Thai society.