FROM “TRACEABILITY” TO “INTERVENTION”: A BLOCKCHAIN-ENABLED DYNAMIC RISK GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY

Abstract

The industrialization of Geographic Indication (GI) food products has introduced significant public health risks, particularly regarding heavy metal contamination (Cadmium and Methylmercury) in processed seafood. While blockchain-based traceability systems have been widely adopted, they suffer from the “Oracle Problem”  immutably recording logistical data without verifying intrinsic chemical safety. This study proposes a “Digital Gatekeeper” framework integrating a permissioned consortium blockchain (Hyperledger Fabric v2.4) with a novel Supply Chain Risk Index (SCRI). The SCRI a composite metric incorporating bioaccumulation kinetics and processing factors was embedded into smart contracts (Trace_SC) as an automated validation mechanism. The system was evaluated using a synthetic dataset (N=5,000 transaction batches) simulating volatile pollution scenarios. The SCRI-embedded smart contract achieved 89.2% accuracy and 94.5% sensitivity in identifying high-risk batches. Time-to-Trace latency was reduced from 48–72 hours to <3 seconds. Cryptographic stress tests confirmed absolute tamper-resistance against retroactive data modifications.