Procedia of Multidisciplinary Research

FROM VOLUNTARY CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TO MANDATORY CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY APPROACHES IN THE MINING SECTOR

Ei THEINGI — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research examines the effectiveness and necessity of mandatory corporate responsibility frameworks by comparing regulatory approaches in the mining sector in Indonesia, India, and the European Union, and with implications for Myanmar. The issue of this research is based on the unenforceable Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) under Myanmar’s laws, although there is Myanmar’s legislation on investment, environmental, and mining that indirectly and voluntarily refer to CSR obligations. This leads to continuous degradation of the environment, resettlement of local communities, and social conflict in Myanmar. Using doctrinal and comparative legal approaches, this paper will examine the differences in regulatory strategies used in Indonesia, India, and the European Union, which include incorporation of CSR obligations into company laws, mandatory CSR expenditure, and due diligence, respectively. Research results prove that Indonesia's CSR strategy with reference to mining license, India's “comply or be penalized” approach based on fines, and the European Union extraterritorial value-chain due diligence all provide for an appropriate regulatory framework. Nonetheless, it can be seen that transplanting legal norms to Myanmar directly is infeasible. Instead, the paper suggests a contextual CSR mandate including sector-specific duties, improved transparency, community involvement, and graduated enforcement based on license penalties. This study adds value to the field of CSR research in that it shows that good governance in the extractive sector is not only about compliance with legal requirements but also about capability and integration of enforcement.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Mining Sector Regulation, Comparative Legal Analysis, Mandatory CSR, Myanmar

RESEARCH ON A "CRAFT-AWARE" AI FRAMEWORK FOR LACQUER PAINTING BASED ON ARTIST-SPECIFIC MODELS AND STANDARDIZED COLLABORATIVE WORKFLOWS

Wei LIU, Supawadee JUYSUKHA — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This paper examines how generative AI can participate in lacquer painting practice while respecting the internal logic of the craft. Lacquer painting is a highly material- and process-dependent art form in which aesthetic value emerges from layered procedures, embodied tacit knowledge, and sensitive material judgment. However, existing general-purpose AI models often fail to capture the deeper “lacquer quality” of the medium or to respond to craft-based decision-making in a meaningful way. To address this mismatch, the paper proposes a “Craft-Aware AI” framework composed of three core elements: an artist-specific LoRA model, a multimodal art knowledge base, and a five-stage human–machine workflow consisting of Conceptualization, Generation, Iteration, Pre-materialization Rehearsal, and Physical Realization.Tacit knowledge such as “three grindings and nine coatings” and lacquer drying rhythms is encoded via semantic tagging and trigger-word structuring, mapping material depth, gloss levels, and textural features into the model. This framework positions AI as a supportive collaborator while preserving artistic agency. A pilot study comparing general-purpose AI outputs and Craft-Aware outputs, supplemented with artist feedback, demonstrates practical effectiveness. The study provides a replicable methodological structure and a transferable pathway for other craft-oriented art forms undergoing digital transformation.

Keywords: Lacquer Painting, AIGC, LoRA, Human–machine Collaboration, Craft-Aware AI

FROM STATES TO FIRMS: CORPORATE DUE DILIGENCE AND THE LIMITS OF TRADE-BASED LABOUR GOVERNANCE UNDER THE EVFTA

Aimée VONGSURAVATANA — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This article examines whether the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CS3D) can overcome the structural limitations of labour governance embedded in EU free trade agreements, with particular reference to the EU–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA).
It argues that the ineffectiveness of trade-based labour provisions is not a technical failing but the manifestation of a deeper structural misalignment: free trade agreements bind states, while labour violations occur within private, transnational production networks that treaty law cannot directly reach. The CS3D responds to this gap by relocating legal responsibility from states to the corporate actors that effectively control supply chain conditions — converting due diligence from a voluntary standard into an enforceable obligation supported by administrative supervision and civil liability. The article characterises the resulting relationship between the two regimes as one of asymmetrical integration rather than substitution, and identifies an internal contradiction within EU policy that existing scholarship has not directly addressed: the CS3D imposes obligations to prevent supply chain harms driven by cost pressures, while EU trade instruments — including the EVFTA — continue to structurally generate those same pressures. Unless resolved, this contradiction risks transforming mandatory due diligence into a compliance architecture that legitimises existing asymmetries rather than dismantling them.

Keywords: Corporate Sustainability due Diligence Directive, EU–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement, Trade and Sustainable Development, Global Value Chains, Transnational Labour Governance, Business and Human Rights, Extraterritoriality, Asymmetrical Integration

WEDDING DRESS DESIGN UNDER RAVE AESTHETICS: INTEGRATING SUBCULTURAL CODES, LUMINOUS MATERIALS, LIGHT AESTHETICS, AND CONTEMPORARY RITUAL

Sorapong NGEWTHONG — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research examines how rave aesthetics can be integrated into wedding dress design to reflect contemporary identities while preserving the ritual significance of marriage. It first reviews scholarship on the white wedding dress as a symbol of purity, romantic love, and family continuity, and traces its shift from a fixed “ritual uniform” toward a flexible medium of identity expression that accommodates diverse genders, lifestyles, and cultural backgrounds. It then engages with literature on subcultures, commodification, and rave culture, highlighting rave’s role as a still‑dynamic counterculture structured around electronic music, coloured lighting, distinctive dress codes, and the PLUR ethos of Peace, Love, Unity, and Respect.

Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative research‑through‑design approach. The PLUR philosophy is translated into design principles that guide a five‑stage process encompassing visioning, research and concept development, sketching and material selection, prototyping, and final construction. The outcome is a prototype wedding dress that maintains a recognisable bridal silhouette and ritual signifiers while incorporating fluorescent accents, reflective and luminous textiles, UV‑responsive details, and asymmetric, body‑adaptive forms. The results show that the dress performs in dual registers: conventional and solemn under daylight, yet rave‑coded and sensorially intense under coloured or UV lighting. This hybrid performance enables negotiation between family expectations and subcultural self‑expression. The study contributes a design‑based model for integrating rave‑inspired, light‑oriented aesthetics into ritual bridalwear, opening new directions for fashion design and the anthropology of ritual dress.

Keywords: Rave Aesthetics, Wedding Dress Design, Ritual Dress, PLUR, Light‑Oriented Fashion, Subcultural Style

THE PROTECTION OF EMPLOYMENT CLAIMS IN CORPORATE BANKRUPTCY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MYANMAR’S APPROACH TO THE EMPLOYEE WELFARE FUND AND INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES

Yadanar Shune LEI — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research examines the protection of employee claims in corporate insolvency under Myanmar law. Although the Myanmar Insolvency Law 2020 grants statutory priority to certain employment-related claims, that protection remains largely dependent on the availability of assets in the insolvent estate. In asset-deficient insolvencies, particularly those involving small and medium-sized enterprises, employees may remain unpaid despite formal legal recognition, exposing the structural limits of a priority-based model within a creditor-oriented insolvency framework. Using doctrinal and comparative analysis, this research argues that insolvency law alone cannot provide adequate protection for employee entitlements. By examining international models such as wage guarantee funds and employee welfare mechanisms operating outside the insolvency estate, the study identifies structural weaknesses in Myanmar’s current framework and proposes reform aimed at delivering more effective, timely, and socially responsive protection for employees in cases of employer insolvency.

Keywords: Corporate Insolvency, Employee Claims, Myanmar Insolvency Law 2020, Statutory Priority, Wage Protection, Asset-Deficient Insolvency, Wage Guarantee Schemes, Social Protection

LONG TERM IMPACTS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN ON EDUCATIONAL, HEALTH AND LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES

Nopparada KHOMCHUNWONG — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the relationship between Violence against Children (VAC) and labor market outcomes in adulthood using mediation analysis to explore both direct and indirect associations through education, physical health and mental health. Labor market outcomes include employment, wages, absenteeism, and presenteeism. Data were collected from 503 working-age individuals in Bangkok using a cross-sectional survey. The findings show that childhood violence is not significantly associated with employment status or wages. However, individuals who experienced violence during childhood tend to report higher absenteeism and higher presenteeism scores, reflecting a greater tendency to continue working despite health problems. The mediation analysis further indicates that mental health is the most important mediator linking childhood violence to labor market outcomes, particularly absenteeism and presenteeism. These findings suggest that adverse childhood experiences may affect long-term work performance and labor productivity through psychosocial pathways.

Keywords: Violence Against Children, Labor Market Outcomes, Absenteeism, Presenteeism, Mediation Analysis, Mental Health, Physical Health, Education

PRESERVING STRATEGY OF THE FORTS OF PAKNAM SAMUT PRAKAN AS A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR HISTORICAL HERITAGE AND URBAN TOURISM

Manop SIRIPINYOKIJ — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to propose conservation strategies for historic forts in the Paknam Samut Prakan area in order to support the development of sustainable historical tourism. The study area has long been a strategic maritime gateway to Bangkok since the Ayutthaya and early Rattanakosin periods, resulting in the establishment of numerous fortifications with significant historical, architectural, and cultural landscape values. However, rapid urban development, community expansion, and the lack of integrated management have led to the deterioration of many forts and a declining public awareness of their heritage significance. This study employs a combination of documentary research, field surveys, and spatial analysis to assess the current conditions, potentials, and limitations of the historic forts in Paknam Samut Prakan. The analysis is framed within concepts of cultural heritage conservation and sustainable tourism development. The findings indicate that these forts possess strong potential to be developed into a historical tourism network, as they are closely connected to the Chao Phraya River landscape, traditional communities, and water-based transportation systems. Nevertheless, development must carefully address physical constraints, accessibility issues, and the need to enhance public interpretation and awareness.

Keywords: Cultural Heritage Conservation, Historical Tourism, Sustainable Tourism, Cultural Landscape

SOCIAL SUPPORT FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE ELDERLY IN BAN KHLONG SUB-DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY, MUEANG DISTRICT, PHITSANULOK PROVINCE

Nakorn CHUYRAKSA, Chanyasit SONPHAKDEE, Thutsapong WONGSAWAD — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to study social support factors and the quality of life of the elderly, and the influence of social support factors on the quality of life of the elderly in Ban Khlong Subdistrict Municipality, Mueang District, Phitsanulok Province. The results showed that: 1) the overall level of social support factors among the elderly was high; 2) the overall level of quality of life among the elderly was high; and 3) the influence of social support factors on the quality of life of the elderly had a very high correlation (rxy = .941). The multiple regression analysis of the quality of life of the elderly showed a predictive power of 88.50%, and the hypothesis testing revealed that social support factors had a statistically significant positive effect on the quality of life of the elderly at a significance level of .01.

Keywords: Social Support Factors, Quality of Life, The Elderly

MANAGEMENT BASED ON GOOD GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES THAT AFFECTS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY OF SUKHOTHAI PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION

Thutsapong WONGSAWAD, Chanyasit SONPHAKDEE, Nakorn CHUYRAKSA — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to study the level of good governance and the level of organizational strategic implementation, and the influence of good governance on organizational strategic implementation in the Sukhothai Provincial Administrative Organization. The results showed that: 1) the level of good governance was high; 2) the level of organizational strategic implementation was high; and 3) the influence of good governance on organizational strategic implementation was very high. The multiple regression analysis of organizational strategic implementation yielded a predictive power of R2 = .664 or 66.40%. Furthermore, the hypothesis testing indicated that good governance had a positive effect on the organizational strategic implementation of the Sukhothai Provincial Administrative Organization at significance level of .01.

Keywords: Administration, Good Governance, Public Service

SERVICE INNOVATION AND CUSTOMER DECISION MAKING FOR ABC BOARD GAME SHOP

Serirat INTARAWATTANA, Suppara CHAROENPOOM, Wilailuk RAKBUMRUNG, Yenjit KONGPAN — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were to investigate the levels of the service innovation and customer decision making regarding ABC Board Game Shop. This study employed quantitative research methodology, utilizing a sample of 349 customers. The primary data collection instrument was a questionnaire. In data analyzing process, this research used descriptive statistics for percentage, mean and standard deviation. The findings indicated that the respondents' perceptions of the service innovation, Overall perception was also at the highest level. Individual dimensions, including Environment, Information, Technology, and Process, were all rated at the highest level, respectively. Overall, customers’ service usage decision was at the highest level. The item with the highest mean score was customers’ willingness to provide suggestions for service improvement, followed by their willingness to recommend the store to others, confidence in the store’s services, and intention to revisit the store in the future.

Keywords: Service Innovation, Customer Decision, Board Game

UPCYCLING AS A LEGAL LIMITATION ON TRADEMARK RIGHTS: RETHINKING TRADEMARK LAW FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Natthanan CHAIWONG — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The fashion industry is recognized as one of the world’s most polluting industries and generates a significant amount of waste each year. In response to growing environmental concerns, upcycling has emerged as a sustainable practice that transforms unused or discarded materials into products with added value while preserving the original qualities of the materials. However, where original trademarks remain visible on upcycled products, the practice may create legal uncertainty under trademark law.

This article examines the legal status of upcycling under Thai trademark law. It analyzes the rights of trademark owners under the Thai Trademark Act B.E. 2534 (1991), particularly the exclusive right under Section 44 and passing off protection under Section 46 paragraph two. The article further examines the limitations on trademark rights, namely the exhaustion of rights principle and fair use under Section 47, and evaluates whether these doctrines provide sufficient protection for upcycling activities.

To provide comparative perspectives, the article also examines the approaches adopted under European Union (EU) and United States trademark law (US). The analysis demonstrates that both the EU and the US recognize limitations on trademark rights through exhaustion doctrines and fair use principles.

This article argues that Thai trademark law currently lacks a clear legal framework governing upcycling. The absence of statutory recognition of the exhaustion of rights principle, together with the uncertainty surrounding the application of the Section 47 fair use provision, leaves upcyclers exposed to potential trademark liability. Accordingly, legal reform is necessary to provide a safe harbor for upcycling practices.

SERVICE QUALITY FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF AESTHETIC CLINICS IN THAILAND

Sirin VICHAIRUANGTHUM, Pisamai JARUJITTIPANT, Nutpatsorn TANABORWORPANID — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to investigate the current state of service quality and the level of success of aesthetic clinics in Thailand, as well as to examine the service quality factors influencing clinic success. The sample comprised 364 representatives of aesthetic medical clinics across Thailand. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and the statistical techniques employed for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA).

The findings revealed that the overall level of service quality was rated at the highest level (Mean = 4.83, S.D. = 0.05), with all dimensions of service quality demonstrating similarly high ratings. In addition, the overall level of clinic success was also perceived at the highest level (Mean = 4.22, S.D. = 0.11). The results of the Multiple Regression Analysis indicated that physical evidence had a statistically significant positive effect on clinic success at the .001 level, whereas empathy exerted a statistically significant positive effect at the .05 level. Furthermore, the predictors influencing clinic success, ranked according to their standardized regression coefficients, were physical evidence (Beta = 0.212) and empathy (Beta = 0.121), respectively.

These findings underscore the critical role of service quality enhancement, particularly in the dimensions of physical evidence and empathy, as significant determinants of the success of aesthetic clinics in Thailand. Continuous improvement in these aspects, together with effective managerial practices and service innovation, is essential for strengthening long-term competitiveness, business sustainability, and service excellence within the aesthetic healthcare industry.

REVERSE STRESS TESTING CORRELATIONS: A REDUCED-FACTOR MODEL FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING TRACKING ERROR

Putthipong DARAJUNPITUK — Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research proposes a reduced-factor model framework for performing Reverse Stress Testing (RST) to identify the most probable asset correlation scenario that pushes a portfolio's tracking error beyond a pre-defined threshold. While the existing stress testing framework links asset correlations to economic drivers, automatically including all directly linked drivers leads to high computational time and model complexity. To address this, this study first constructs a "full model" using all directly linked drivers to serve as a baseline. It then constructs a "reduced model" by evaluating all possible combinations of economic drivers for specific target subset sizes and selecting the combination that minimizes the deviation between the stress scenarios identified by the full and reduced models. The proposed framework is empirically tested using data from the Thai equity market. The results show that retaining a higher number of economic drivers in the reduced model does not inherently result in higher accuracy. Furthermore, the optimal reduced model achieves significant operational computational time savings. Finally, the economic drivers that can be safely excluded in this framework cannot be deduced simply by observing the sector weight differences between the managed portfolio and the benchmark.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF 1%TURMERIC, 1% KOJIC ACID, 5% VITAMIN C COMBINED CREAM VS KLIGMAN'S FORMULA CREAM (4% HYDROQUINONE, 0.05% TRETINOIN, 0.01% FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE) FOR POST-ACNE HYPERPIGMENTATION IN THAI PATIENTS: A SPLIT-FACE CLINICAL TRIAL

Safia Ahmed Haji ABDULRAHMAN, Anon PAICHITROJJANA, Sunisa THAICHINDA — Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Acne-induced post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) significantly impacts the quality of life in patients with darker skin phototypes (Fitzpatrick IV–VI). While Kligman's formula (4% hydroquinone, 0.05% tretinoin, 0.01% fluocinolone acetonide) remains the gold standard, its irritating potential can limit long-term use. This prospective, randomized, double-blinded, split-face trial evaluated the clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a novel combination cream containing (1% turmeric, 1% kojic acid, and 5% vitamin C) versus Kligman's cream for the treatment of acne-induced hyperpigmentation in 18 Thai patients (Fitzpatrick skin types III–VI) over 12 weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Post-Acne Hyperpigmentation Index (PAHPI), Mexameter® MX 18 melanin index (MI), patient satisfaction scores (quartile grading scale), and side-effect monitoring at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12. Both treatments significantly reduced PAHPI scores (p < 0.001). At week 12, Kligman’s cream demonstrated greater overall clinical efficacy (PAHPI reduction of 26.40% vs. 18.62%). However, in Week 4, the intervention cream achieved significantly greater early melanin suppression, indicated by a larger reduction in MI (97.32 vs. 39.90 reduction, p = 0.021), even though Kligman’s cream maintained a higher overall reduction in PAHPI. Notably, the interventional cream showed an exceptional safety profile with zero adverse events, whereas Kligman’s cream caused transient peeling (72.2%), burning, and erythema. These findings suggest that the novel combination cream is a safe, effective alternative for PIH, offering an advantage in rapid melanin reduction and superior tolerability for long-term maintenance.

ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATION AFFECTING TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS IN DEVELOPING AND UTILIZING EDUCATIONAL MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY IN SCHOOL NETWORK 30, PRAWET DISTRICT OFFICE, BANGKOK METROPOLITAN ADMINISTRATION

Apiwat BOONJARAT, Ganratchakan LERTAMORNSAK — Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: (1) examine the level of academic administration in schools under Network 30 of Prawet District, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration; (2) investigate the level of teachers’ effectiveness in developing educational media and technology; (3) study the relationship between academic administration and teachers’ effectiveness in developing educational media and technology; and (4) identify the aspects of academic administration that influence teachers’ effectiveness in developing educational media and technology.

This study employed a quantitative research approach. The sample consisted of 140 administrators, teachers, and educational personnel from schools in Network 30. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s table, and proportionate stratified random sampling was applied. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.The findings revealed that: (1) the overall level of academic administration was at the highest level; (2) teachers’ effectiveness in developing educational media and technology was at a high level; (3) academic administration was positively correlated with teachers’ effectiveness at the .01 level of statistical significance; and (4) the development and promotion of learning, together with the utilization of educational media and technology, was a significant factor affecting teachers’ effectiveness in developing educational media and technology, with a predictive power of 42 percent.