Procedia of Multidisciplinary Research

INFLUENCE OF STORAGE TEMPERATURES TO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NEWLY DEVELOPED 2% CHLOHEXIDINE GEL

Jeerapa PITANUPONG, Chinalai PIYACHON — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) gel is intracanal medications that highly effective in treating bacteria infections but it is not currently available in Thailand. This study aimed to evaluate the physical properties and shelf life of 2% CHX gel, newly developed at the Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, under different storage temperatures. The 2% CHX gel was placed into 150 syringes and stored at refrigerated temperature (2-8 °C) and room temperature (23-35 °C). Clarity was assessed by measuring the mean optical density (OD), and viscosity was assessed by measuring the mean maximum force. Tests were performed at intervals of 2 and 4 weeks, and 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months (n=5 per time point), and compared to a control group (n=5) assessed immediately after preparation. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results showed that there were no significant differences were observed in OD or maximum force of the 2% CHX gel at any time point, whether stored at 2-8 °C or 23-35 °C, compared with the control group (p>0.05). Overall, the researchers concluded that the newly developed 2% CHX gel retained stable physical properties when stored at both refrigerated and room temperatures for up to 12 months.

Keywords: Chlorhexidine Gel, Physical Property, Viscosity, Clarity, Storage Temperature

AWARENESS OF ETHICAL USAGE OF KU GENAI PLATFORM AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT KASETSART UNIVERSITY

Srirath GOHWONG — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to: 1) examine the level of ethical awareness regarding the use of the KU GenAI Platform among undergraduate students at Kasetsart University; 2) compare awareness levels based on demographic characteristics; 3) investigate the association between regularly used media and the level of awareness of KU GenAI Platform use; and 4) examine the correlation between knowledge and understanding of KU GenAI and awareness of KU GenAI Platform use. The sample consisted of 530 undergraduate students enrolled in the second semester of the 2025 academic year at Kasetsart University. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical techniques employed for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD, Chi-square test, Cramér’s V, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, with statistical significance set at the .05 level. The findings indicated that the overall level of ethical awareness regarding the use of the KU GenAI Platform among undergraduate students at Kasetsart University was high (Mean = 4.18, S.D. = .58). When examined by dimension, all aspects were also reported at a high level, including prevention of misuse (Mean = 4.26, S.D. = .65), data privacy (Mean = 4.20, S.D. = .62), appropriate use of AI tools (Mean = 4.17, S.D. = .70), and academic integrity (Mean = 4.11, S.D. = .63). Hypothesis testing revealed that awareness differed significantly according to faculty and grade point average. In contrast, no significant differences were found across sex, age, monthly income, and year of study. Regularly used media showed no association with awareness. Moreover, knowledge and understanding of KU GenAI demonstrated a low positive correlation with awareness regarding KU GenAI Platform use (ρ = .323).

Keywords: KU GenAI Platform, Ethical AI Use, AI Awareness, Generative Artificial Intelligence

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF COPYRIGHT LAWS REGARDING CONTENT GENERATED BY KU GENAI PLATFORM AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT KASETSART UNIVERSITY

Srirath GOHWONG — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to: 1) examine the level of knowledge and understanding of copyright laws regarding content generated by the KU GenAI Platform among undergraduate students at Kasetsart University; 2) compare knowledge and understanding based on demographic factors; and 3) examine the association between regularly used media and the level of knowledge and understanding. The sample consisted of 530 undergraduate students enrolled in the second semester of the 2025 academic year at Kasetsart University. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Statistical techniques employed for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test with Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons, Chi-square test, and Cramér’s V, with statistical significance set at the .05 level. The findings revealed that undergraduate students demonstrated a high level of knowledge and understanding of copyright laws regarding content generated by the KU GenAI Platform (Mean = .907, S.D. = .191). All dimensions were also reported at a high level, including liability (Mean = .932, S.D. = .188), citation (Mean = .908, S.D. = .207), academic integrity (Mean = .897, S.D. = .237), and ownership rights (Mean = .889, S.D. = .235). Hypothesis testing indicated that students from different years of study and faculties exhibited significantly different levels of knowledge and understanding, whereas no significant differences were found by sex. In addition, regularly used media showed a weak association with the level of knowledge and understanding (Cramér’s V = .09).

Keywords: Copyright Law, Generative Artificial Intelligence, AI-generated Content, Knowledge and Understanding, KU GenAI Platform, Higher Education

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF PROMPT ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES FOR KU GENAI PLATFORM AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT KASETSART UNIVERSITY

Srirath GOHWONG — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to: 1) examine the level of knowledge and understanding of prompt engineering principles for KU GenAI Platform among undergraduate students at Kasetsart University; 2) compare knowledge and understanding based on personal characteristics; and 3) examine the association between regularly used media and the level of knowledge and understanding. The sample consisted of 530 undergraduate students enrolled in the second semester of the 2025 academic year at Kasetsart University. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Statistical techniques employed for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test with Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons, Chi-square test, and Cramér’s V, with statistical significance set at the .05 level. The findings revealed that undergraduate students demonstrated a high level of knowledge and understanding of prompt engineering principles for the KU GenAI Platform (Mean = .85, S.D. = .20). All dimensions were also reported at a high level, including prompt refinement (Mean = .87, S.D. = .22), prompt clarity (Mean = .87, S.D. = .23), prompt constraints (Mean = .86, S.D. = .22), and information security (Mean = .80, S.D. = .29). Hypothesis testing indicated that students of different sexes and faculties exhibited significantly different levels of knowledge and understanding, whereas no significant difference was found among students of different years of study. In addition, regularly used media showed a weak association with the level of knowledge and understanding (Cramér’s V = .13).

Keywords: Prompt Engineering, KU GenAI Platform, Generative Artificial Intelligence, AI Literacy, Higher Education

AWARENESS OF USING THE KU GENAI PLATFORM FOR MISINFORMATION DETECTION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT KASETSART UNIVERSITY

Srirath GOHWONG — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to: 1) examine the level of awareness of using the KU GenAI Platform for misinformation detection among undergraduate students at Kasetsart University; 2) compare awareness levels based on demographic characteristics; 3) investigate the association between regularly used media and awareness; and 4) examine the correlation between knowledge and understanding of misinformation and awareness. The sample consisted of 530 undergraduate students enrolled in the second semester of the 2025 academic year at Kasetsart University. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent samples t-test, One-Way ANOVA with Tukey HSD, Chi-square test, Cramér’s V, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, with statistical significance set at the .05 level. The findings indicated that overall awareness of misinformation detection using the KU GenAI Platform was high (Mean = 3.97, S.D. = .66). All dimensions were rated high: the importance of misinformation detection (Mean = 4.01, S.D. = .73), responsibility of platform use (Mean = 4.00, S.D. = .70), false information detection practices (Mean = 3.95, S.D. = .76), and roles in misinformation detection (Mean = 3.90, S.D. = .78). Awareness differed significantly by faculty and grade point average, but not by sex, age, year of study, or average monthly income. Regularly used media showed a weak association with awareness (Cramér’s V = .08). Furthermore, knowledge and understanding of fake news had no significant correlation with awareness of KU GenAI Platform use.

Keywords: KU GenAI Platform, Misinformation Detection, Generative Artificial Intelligence, AI Literacy, Higher Education

CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS, ATTITUDES AND INTEREST IN DEFORESTATION-FREE PALM OIL PRODUCTS

Pratya YOUNGPATANA, Aerwadee PREMASHTHIRA, Santi SANGLESTSAWAI — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examined the relationships between personal characteristics, concern about deforestation, perceptions and attitudes toward sustainability measures, knowledge of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), conservation-related social media following, and consumers’ interest in purchasing deforestation-free palm oil products in Bangkok and its vicinity. Data were collected through a questionnaire from 330 household palm oil consumers selected using convenience sampling. Descriptive statistics, and Firth’s penalized logistic regression were employed. The findings showed that consumers placed greater importance on product quality, health benefits, price, and brand credibility than on environmental attributes. Nevertheless, 96.97% of respondents agreed that deforestation-free label should be provided. Education was associated with purchase interest at a significance level of 0.05: odds of respondents with bachelor’s and postgraduate degrees were 6.94 and 4.56 times more likely, respectively, to be interested in purchasing deforestation-free palm oil products than those with below-bachelor’s education. Concern about deforestation and positive attitudes toward sustainability measures were also positively associated with purchase interest. In contrast, RSPO knowledge and conservation-related social media following were not significantly associated with purchase interest. The findings suggest that businesses and relevant agencies should develop clear, verifiable labels and communicate sustainability attributes alongside product quality, affordability, and brand credibility.

Keywords: Deforestation-Free Palm Oil, Purchase Interest, Environmental Concern, Sustainability Certification

MARKETING GUIDELINES FOR THE “WINAI-JEERAWAN THA BO FRESH VEGETABLES SHOP” AGRICULTURAL WHOLESALE BUSINESS, THA BO MUNICIPALITY FRESH MARKET, THA BO DISTRICT, NONG KHAI PROVINCE

Purachai THONGPHET, Ruchirat PATANATHABUTR — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to analyze the managerial environment of agricultural wholesale businesses at Tha Bo Municipality Fresh Market, examine target customer behavior, identify and interpret key marketing components, and develop marketing guidelines for the “Winai-Jeerawan Tha Bo Fresh Vegetables Shop” in Tha Bo District, Nong Khai Province. The study employed PESTEL Analysis and Porter’s Five Forces to assess the business environment and industry competition, while data on wholesale agricultural buyers were collected from 400 respondents and analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis. The findings identified eight key marketing components, which were synthesized into the AGRI-MART Strategy comprising Account-Based Marketing, Get-at-able Marketing, Remember Ness Marketing, Information Communication Marketing, Mass Service Marketing, Awestruck Marketing, Reliability Marketing, and Tangibility Marketing. The proposed strategy can be applied to better respond to customer needs, enhance customer satisfaction, and strengthen the long-term competitiveness of agricultural wholesale businesses at Tha Bo Municipality Fresh Market, Nong Khai Province

Keywords: Marketing Strategy, Agricultural Wholesale Business, Tha Bo Municipality Fresh Market

VILLAGE ENTRY CONTROL SYSTEM VIA SMARTPHONE

Teerasak PHANMANEE, Apirak CHUEAPRASERT, Thongrob AUXSORN — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The control of residential access is crucial for ensuring security and convenience for residents. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has played a significant role in developing access control systems that can be managed and monitored via smartphones. This research presents an intelligent village access control system utilizing IoT as its core infrastructure. The system integrates with smartphones to grant or deny access in real time through a mobile application. Additionally, it supports live video streaming from surveillance cameras, enabling residents to monitor entry points in real time. The system also logs and retrieves access history for security and auditing purposes. The key technologies used in the system include IoT sensors, IP cameras, Cloudflare Tunnel for secure remote connectivity, Python Web Server, and SQLite database for local and cloud data management. A prototype was developed and tested for operational efficiency. The experimental results demonstrate that the system effectively enhances security while reducing the workload of security personnel. Furthermore, the system can be further improved with additional features such as automated facial recognition and abnormal event notifications. This research has the potential to be implemented in gated communities, condominiums, and other areas requiring high-security access control systems.

Keywords: Internet of Things, Access Control System, Smartphone, Video Streaming, Security, Python Server, Cloudflare Tunnel

FROM CULTURAL DISSONANCE TO A SENSE OF BELONGING: AN INTERPRETATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS (IPA) OF EXPATRIATES RESIDING IN THAILAND

Pongtana KLEEBBUABAN, Phurided PAHUYUT, Nuchchamon PRAMEPLUEM — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This qualitative study employed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore the lived experiences and internal psychological mechanisms of Western expatriates confronting cultural dissonance and negotiating their identities in the process of developing a sense of belonging within the Thai sociocultural context. Using purposive homogeneous sampling, four long-term expatriates with Germanic cultural backgrounds residing in Thailand were selected as participants. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed following the IPA procedures proposed by Smith et al. (2009). The findings revealed four major themes. First, cultural collisions arising from conflicting social logics led to identity erosion and psychological exhaustion. Second, participants' established value systems were challenged, resulting in self-vulnerability when confronted with incongruent cultural norms and standards. Third, sustainable adaptation emerged through the reclamation of internal agency, openness toward the new cultural context, and the development of a hybrid identity that enabled participants to preserve their original values while living within Thai society. Finally, participants cultivated a sense of belonging that led to inner equilibrium without the loss of their original identity.

Keywords: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), Identity Negotiation, Genuine Self, Cultural Dissonance, Inner Equilibrium, Sense of Belonging

GLOBAL STANDARDS FOR HEALTH PROMOTING SCHOOLS (GSHPS) CERTIFICATION OF SCHOOLS UNDER THE OFFICE OF THE BASIC EDUCATION COMMISSION IN UBON RATCHATHANI PROVINCE

Maneeyapa THASAK — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study is a cross-sectional survey study to investigate the proportion of schools under the office of the basic education commission in Ubon Ratchathani province that have received the Global Standards for Health Promoting Schools (GSHPS) certification. Data were collected from 232 schools using self-administered questionnaires between December 2025 and February 2026. The study employed descriptive statistics, supplemented by in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 14 key informants. The research findings revealed that the majority of schools (86.6%) did not meet the criteria for international health-promoting school certification, with only 13.4% meeting the criteria. Regarding process performance, the components with the lowest performance and requiring urgent improvement were: school health role models (1.7%) and school health leading to healthy students (1.8%). In terms of health outcomes, students exhibited high levels of desirable health behaviors and oral health (over 90%), but continued to face nutritional problems, particularly underweight students (14.2% meeting the criteria) and stunted students (31.9% meeting the criteria). Key informants reflected success factors included administrative leadership, network partnerships, and personnel participation. Conversely, major barriers were frequent personnel turnover, heavy teacher workloads, and budget and resource constraints. Recommendations include continuous capacity building for program coordinators, establishing mentorship systems between schools, and systematically integrating health initiatives into the curriculum to ensure sustainability.

Keywords: Global Standards for Health Promoting Schools, GSHPS Certification, Office of the Basic Education Commission, Ubon Ratchathani

AIR POLLUTION DETECTION SYSTEM USING CLOUD COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY

Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research presents the development of a real-time air quality monitoring and PM2.5 notification system aimed at enhancing health surveillance efficiency and providing users with timely air quality updates. The system was developed using an ESP32 microcontroller interfaced with a PMS7003 sensor to measure fine particulate matter. The collected data is transmitted for processing and updated to the Firebase Realtime Database for live display on a Web Dashboard, alongside recording hourly historical data. Additionally, the system integrates the LINE Messaging API to deliver notifications directly to users' smartphones. Alert thresholds are set according to air quality standards across two levels: Warning and Danger. An Anti-Spam messaging status control mechanism was implemented to prevent unnecessary duplicate alerts. Test results demonstrate that the system reliably transmits real-time data to Firebase for Web Dashboard display and accurately sends urgent LINE notifications every time dust concentrations cross risk thresholds. This effectively resolves the issue of notification fatigue caused by excessive alerts while optimizing system resource utilization.

Keywords: PM2.5, ESP32, PMS7003 Sensor, Firebase Realtime Database, LINE Messaging API, Internet of Things (IoT)

SERVICE-SYSTEM OUTCOMES OF A VOLUNTEER DENTIST PROGRAM IN KOH MAK, TRAT PROVINCE: AN ANALYSIS USING THE 1A4C CONCEPT

Napassaporn WIRUTTHANATPORN, Wattana PITHPORNCHAIYAKUL, Janpim HINTAO — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to analyze the service-system outcomes of a volunteer dentist program in Koh Mak, Trat Province, through the 1A4C concept, comprising Accessibility, Continuity, Comprehensiveness, Coordination, and Community Participation. A mixed-methods research design was employed, involving stakeholders related to the volunteer dental activities. Eight operational stakeholder groups participated in the study, with a total of 71 informants. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and thematic analysis, and the identified outcomes were categorized according to the five components of the 1A4C framework. The findings showed that the volunteer dentist activities generated outcomes across multiple stakeholder groups and levels of the service system. Community members experienced reduced travel burdens and expenses associated with receiving dental services. Primary care teams had increased availability of dental services and reduced referral burdens. Schools demonstrated outcomes related to oral health promotion, while local businesses experienced reduced costs associated with replacement labor. Dental departments of hospitals in the province experienced reduced burdens in receiving referrals from Koh Mak, while the Provincial Public Health Office experienced a reduced burden in organizing personnel rotation. In addition, volunteer dental personnel reported positive experiences from working in the area. When the identified outcomes were analyzed according to the 1A4C concept, they covered all five dimensions: Accessibility, Continuity, Comprehensiveness, Coordination, and Community Participation, with Coordination and Accessibility emerging as the most prominent dimensions. These findings suggest that the volunteer dentist activities generated outcomes not only for service users but also for the broader dental health service system by reducing barriers to access, strengthening service linkages, facilitating resource coordination, and engaging local partners. The analysis of outcomes from multiple stakeholder groups using the 1A4C concept provides a foundation for assessing social impacts and further developing the study toward a Social Return on Investment (SROI) evaluation.

Keywords: 1A4C; Accessibility; Volunteer Dentist; Island Area; Dental Health Service System

DEVELOPMENT OF A HYBRID EDUCATION BOARD GAME TO ENHANCE LEARNING IN WORLD HISTORY FOR GRADE 11 STUDENTS

Nawamin BOJAKRAPAN, Sutthikarn BOJUKRAPAN, Pitsanu CHAICHITWANIDCHAKOL — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were to: 1) develop and evaluate the quality of a hybrid educational board game for the World History course for Grade 11 students; 2) determine the efficiency of the hybrid educational board game based on the 80/80 efficiency criterion; 3) compare students' learning achievement before and after learning through the hybrid educational board game; and 4) investigate students' satisfaction with the hybrid educational board game. The research findings revealed that the quality of the hybrid educational board game was rated at a very appropriate level (M = 4.09, SD = 0.75). The efficiency (E₁/E₂) of the hybrid educational board game was 82.00/80.33, which met the established 80/80 criterion. The post-learning achievement scores of the students were significantly higher than the pre-learning achievement scores at the .05 level of statistical significance. Furthermore, the students' satisfaction with the hybrid educational board game was at a high level (M = 4.19, SD = 0.98).

Keywords: Hybrid Educational Board Game Education, World History Subject, Grade 11 Students

PERCEPTION OF SERVICE QUALITY AFFECTING REPURCHASE OF AESTHETIC CLINIC CUSTOMERS IN ROI ET PROVINY

Matukunlaya POLKACHA, Jureewan PAKDEEWUT — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: 1) examine the level of perceived service quality among users of beauty clinics in Roi Et Province; 2) examine the level of revisit intention among users of beauty clinics in Roi Et Province; 3) compare revisit intention among users of beauty clinics in Roi Et Province based on personal factors, including gender, age, educational level, occupation, and average monthly income; 4) investigate the relationship between perceived service quality and revisit intention among users of beauty clinics in Roi Et Province; and 5) examine the effects of perceived service quality on revisit intention among users of beauty clinics in Roi Et Province. Data were collected using a questionnaire from a sample of 400 users of beauty clinics in Roi Et Province. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that the overall level of perceived service quality of beauty clinics in Roi Et Province was high ( = 4.37, S.D. = 0.49). Similarly, the overall level of revisit intention among users of beauty clinics in Roi Et Province was high ( = 4.30, S.D. = 0.55). Perceived service quality was positively correlated with revisit intention at a moderate level, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.452 to 0.696. Furthermore, the findings indicated that four dimensions of perceived service quality significantly affected revisit intention. Responsiveness had the greatest effect on revisit intention (Beta = .274), followed by assurance (Beta = .249), empathy (Beta = .202), and tangibles (Beta = .168), respectively.

Keywords: Service Quality, Aesthetic Clinic, Repurchase

QUALITY OF WORKING LIFE (QWL) AFFECTING THE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL IN LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION IN ROI ET

Chutiwan MAHAWONG, Jureewan PAKDEEWUT — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: 1) study the level of quality of working life of finance department personnel in local administrative organizations in Roi Et Province, 2) study the level of operational efficiency of finance department personnel in local administrative organizations in Roi Et Province, 3) compare the operational efficiency of finance department personnel in local administrative organizations in Roi Et Province classified by personal factors, including gender, age, marital status, education level, organization affiliation, job position, and average monthly income, and 4) examine the relationship and effect of quality of working life on the operational efficiency of finance department personnel in local administrative organizations in Roi Et Province. Data were collected via questionnaires from a sample of 400 respondents and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including independent t-test, One-Way ANOVA (F-test), Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that the overall quality of working life of finance department personnel in local administrative organizations in Roi Et Province was at a high level (Mean = 3.82, SD = 0.47). The overall operational efficiency of finance department personnel in local administrative organizations in Roi Et Province was also at a high level (Mean = 4.51, SD = 0.38). Quality of working life had a positive relationship with operational efficiency, ranging from low to moderate levels (r = 0.216-0.538). Regarding the factors of quality of working life, social integration or working together had the highest effect on operational efficiency (Beta = 0.300), followed by constitutionalism in the work organization (Beta = 0.199), and a safe and healthy working environment (Beta = 0.106), respectively.

Keywords: Quality of Work Life, Operational Efficiency, Finance Department Personnel

BOARD CHARACTERISTICS AND SHARE REPURCHASE DECISIONS

Narawich NUANNUEANG, Chatmongkon WONGRATHANANDHA — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the relationship between board characteristics—including board size, the proportion of independent directors, CEO/Chairman duality, and the proportion of male directors—and the likelihood of share repurchase decisions among companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand. Data were collected from 532 listed companies in 2025, a year that represented both the highest number of participating firms and the highest total share repurchase value within the study period. Logistic regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that the proportion of independent directors is positively and significantly associated with the likelihood of share repurchase decisions. In contrast, board size, CEO/Chairman duality, and the proportion of male directors show no statistically significant relationship with the likelihood of share repurchase decisions. Furthermore, firm size exhibits a significant positive association, whereas the debt-to-asset ratio displays a significant negative association with the likelihood of share repurchases. These findings suggest that independent directors serve as a key corporate governance mechanism influencing payout policy decisions among Thai listed firms. This aligns with Agency Theory, which posits that independent directors monitor management, mitigate agency conflicts, and promote financial decisions aimed at maximizing shareholder value.

Keywords: Share Repurchase, Board of Directors, Independent Directors, Agency Theory, Stock Exchange of Thailand

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICS LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH MULTIMEDIA ON ADDITION WITH SUMS NOT EXCEEDING 100 AND SUBTRACTION WITH MINUENDS NOT EXCEEDING 100 FOR GRADE 1 STUDENTS

Somruethai TEKTON, Boorapa SINGHA, Sasithorn INTUN — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: 1) investigate the current state of mathematics learning management for Grade 1 students at Ban Pang Paek School; 2) develop multimedia-based learning management plans on addition with sums not exceeding 100 and subtraction with minuends not exceeding 100; and 3) compare students’ learning achievement before and after instruction and against the 70% criterion. The population comprised 14 Grade 1 students at Ban Pang Paek School, Pai District, Mae Hong Son Province, during the second semester of the 2025 academic year. Research instruments included an interview form, multimedia-based learning management plans, and a 20-item mathematics achievement test. Data were analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation, percentage, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The findings revealed that mathematics instruction primarily emphasized memorization over conceptual understanding. Students demonstrated limited analytical thinking, inadequate learning materials, negative attitudes toward mathematics, and communication difficulties. The developed multimedia-based learning plans were rated at the highest level of appropriateness and achieved an efficiency of 74.13/74.29. Students’ post-learning achievement was significantly higher than their pre-learning achievement at the .05 significance level. Furthermore, post-learning achievement significantly exceeded the 70% criterion at the .05 significance level.

Keywords: Multimedia, Mathematics Learning Achievement, Addition and Subtraction Not Exceeding 100, Grade 1

POST-TRANSFER FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM AND CAREER ADVANCEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE PHETCHABURI SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE

Thidarat THERMKO, Phitak SIRIWONG — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The transfer of teaching personnel involves significant changes in workload, organizational relationships, and career development. This study examined post-transfer factors, professionalism, and career advancement, including their relationships and predictive factors among transferred civil servant teachers. A quantitative survey was conducted with 205 teachers transferred between 2020 and 2024 under the Phetchaburi Secondary Educational Service Area Office, selected from 438 teachers through stratified random sampling by school size. Data were collected using a five-point rating scale questionnaire with reliability coefficients ranging from 0.897 to 0.915 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression. The results indicated high levels across all four post-transfer factors, with adaptation scoring highest (M = 4.14, SD = 0.58). Among professionalism dimensions, ethics, morality, and responsibility toward learners and society scored highest (M = 4.71, SD = 0.42), while opportunities for professional development ranked highest in career advancement (M = 4.18, SD = 0.55). Adaptation had the strongest correlation with professionalism (r = 0.72, p < .001), whereas organizational environment and support systems showed the strongest correlation with career advancement (r = 0.68, p < .001). The four factors jointly explained 58% of the variance in professionalism (R² = 0.58), with adaptation as the strongest predictor (B = 0.46, p < .001). They also explained 55% of the variance in career advancement (R² = 0.55), with organizational environment and support systems as the strongest predictor (B = 0.36, p < .001). These findings highlight the importance of managing teacher transfers as a professional transition through orientation, mentoring, expertise-aligned workload assignments, and individualized career planning.

Keywords: Teacher Transfer, Professionalism, Career Advancement, Adaptation, Organizational Support

APPLICATION OF TIME-DRIVEN ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING FOR ALLOCATING MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT COSTS TO PRODUCTION DEPARTMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF A PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING PLANT

Paveena CHAISUMRITHCHOKE, Komkrit SINGJAI — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to examine the current cost allocation system of the maintenance department, develop a cost allocation approach using the Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) method, and compare the allocation results between the existing method and the TDABC approach in a pharmaceutical manufacturing plant. A case study research design was employed. Data were collected from internal organizational documents, maintenance activity records, production service utilization records, interviews with personnel, and observations of work processes. The study analyzed maintenance activities, calculated the Capacity Cost Rate (CCR), and allocated maintenance costs to production departments based on the time required to perform maintenance activities. The findings indicate that using the total working time of both Corrective Maintenance (CM) and Preventive Maintenance (PM) activities as the cost allocation basis under the TDABC approach provides a more accurate representation of resource consumption by production departments than the existing method, which relies solely on CM hours. As a result, cost allocation becomes more appropriate and reduces cost distortion. Furthermore, the TDABC system is capable of identifying unused capacity within the maintenance department, providing valuable information for resource planning and cost management. The results suggest that the application of TDABC improves the accuracy of cost information, supports managerial decision-making, and serves as an effective approach for allocating maintenance department costs to production departments in pharmaceutical manufacturing environments.

Keywords: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC), Cost Allocation, Maintenance Department

MOTIVATIONS AND MEANINGS OF PURSUING A DEGREE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AMONG STUDENTS AT THE FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY: A CONSTRUCTIVIST GROUNDED THEORY APPROACH

Napat PANJAKA, Phitak SIRIWONG — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to: 1) understand the motivations and meanings students construct around choosing Public Administration; 2) explain how family, media, personal interests, and university experiences interact with educational choice and reinterpretation of the discipline; and 3) develop a substantive grounded theory explaining meaning formation and future-oriented identity. A qualitative constructivist grounded theory design was employed. In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 participants: eight first-year students, five second-year students, five third-year students, and five graduates. Maximum-variation and theoretical sampling were used. Data were analyzed through initial coding, focused coding, constant comparison, and analytic memoing. Five theoretical categories emerged: 1) anchoring the future in security and family care; 2) negotiating personal interests with social expectations; 3) encountering images of the state and civil service through networks of meaning; 4) reinterpreting Public Administration through learning experiences; and 5) forming a future-oriented self and occupational identity. The core category was “constructing a secure life trajectory through negotiated meanings and the reinterpretation of Public Administration.” The findings indicate that security is not merely an external incentive; it becomes an internalized meaning tied to family responsibility. University learning subsequently expands the meaning of the degree from a gateway to civil service employment into a space for developing reasoning, competencies, and identity.

Keywords: Motivation, Meaning-Making, Public Administration, Constructivist Grounded Theory, Career Security

DEVELOPMENT OF LOOSE PARTS PLAY AND CREATIVE ART ACTIVITY USING LOCAL MATERIAL TO ENHANCE FINE MOTOR SKILL OF PRESCHOOL IN THE CHAMADEVI EDUCATION QUALITY DEVELOPMENT NETWORK, MUEANG LAMPHUN DISTRICT, LAMPHUN PROVINCE

Sirinun YOSMAO, Sirimas KOSANPIPAT, Sasithorn INTUN — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to 1) study the conditions of using local materials to enhance young children's fine motor skills; 2) develop activity plans for loose-parts play and creative art-making using local materials to enhance young children's fine motor skills; and 3) compare young children's fine motor skills before and after implementing the loose-parts play and creative art-making activities using local materials. The target group consisted of 14 young children aged 3-4 years, enrolled in Kindergarten 1 at Ban Pa Sao School under the Chamadevi Educational Quality Development Network, Mueang Lamphun District, Lamphun Province, during the first semester of the 2025 academic year. The research instruments included 24 activity plans, a fine motor skills assessment form, and a structured interview form. Data were analyzed using content analysis, mean (), standard deviation (SD), Index of Item-Objective Congruence ($IOC$), and the dependent-samples t-test. The results indicated that: 1) Regarding the conditions of using local materials, teachers categorized and utilized local materials into six main categories: natural materials, wood, plastic, metal, fabric/ribbon, and packaging materials. 2) The activity plans achieved an IOC score of 1.00, indicating high content validity and meeting the established quality criteria. 3) The fine motor skills of young children after the implementation ( = 11.93, SD = 0.27) were significantly higher than those before the implementation ( = 4.71, SD = 0.99) at the .01 significance level.

Keywords: Loose Parts Play, Creative Art, Local Materials, Fine Motor Skills, Early Childhood Children

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTICULTURAL ANIMATION STORYBOOK SET USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO PROMOTE THAI LISTENING AND SPEAKING SKILLS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD LEARNERS IN MON PIN EDUCATIONAL QUALITY DEVELOPMENT CENTER, FANG DISTRICT, CHIANG MAI PROVINCE

Juthamas KRUASRI, Sirimas KOSANPIPAT, Kallaya JAIRAK — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to 1) develop a multicultural animation storybook set using artificial intelligence for early childhood learners in schools under the Mon Pin Educational Quality Development Center, Fang District, Chiang Mai Province, and 2) compare children’s listening and speaking abilities before and after using the storybook set. The sample comprised 31 Kindergarten 3 children aged 5–6 years (18 boys and 13 girls) at Ban Khob Dong School during the first semester of the 2026 academic year, selected through cluster random sampling using the school as the sampling unit. A one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. Research instruments included eight AI-developed multicultural animation storybooks, learning experience plans, and a listening and speaking ability assessment. The intervention lasted eight weeks, three days per week, 20 minutes per day, totaling eight hours. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and dependent-samples t-tests. The results showed that 1) the storybook set achieved an efficiency index (E1/E2) of 89.93/96.98, exceeding the 80/80 criterion; 2) listening scores increased from 17.81 to 23.39, a mean difference of 5.58 (t = 22.43, p < .001), statistically significant at the .01 level; and 3) speaking scores increased from 21.29 to 23.16, a mean difference of 1.87 (t = 12.93, p < .001), statistically significant at the .01 level. Overall listening and speaking scores increased from 39.10 to 46.55, a mean difference of 7.45 (t = 35.20, p < .001).

Keywords: Multicultural Animation Storybook Set, Artificial Intelligence, Listening Ability, Speaking Ability, Early Childhood Learners

MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF OTOP NAWATWITHI TOURISM IN THE UPPER NORTHEASTERN REGION OF THAILAND

Apinya PHANTHASA, Nutpatsorn TANABORWORPANID, Pisamai JARUJITTIPANT — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to: 1) examine the conditions and problems of OTOP Nawatwithi tourism; 2) investigate management capacity and development using the PDCA cycle and innovation; 3) assess community potential, the external environment using PESTEL, and community business models using the Community Business Model Canvas (CBMC); and 4) propose recommendations for tourism management and development in Thailand’s Upper Northeastern Region. This qualitative study analyzed secondary data and information from 18 purposively selected key informants with relevant knowledge and experience. Data were collected using recording and in-depth interview forms, analyzed through content analysis, and presented descriptively. The findings revealed that: 1) the region has considerable natural, cultural, local wisdom, and lifestyle resources, but communities vary in readiness and operational continuity. Key problems include unclear identities and unique selling points, limited product quality and standards, marketing constraints, insufficient participation, and dependence on external support. 2) The PDCA cycle was incompletely implemented, particularly in monitoring, evaluation, and applying results for improvement. Innovation should cover products, services, tourism activities, marketing, technology, and participatory management. 3) PESTEL analysis identified opportunities and constraints involving policy, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. CBMC analysis indicated that despite distinctive community resources and identities, systematic connections among product value, networks, and markets remained limited. 4) Development should follow an “Identity-System-Network-Market” framework by transforming community identity into tourism value, establishing PDCA-based management, strengthening collaborative networks, and connecting communities with target markets to ensure continuous and sustainable tourism management and development.

Keywords: OTOP Nawatwithi, Tourism Management, Tourism Development, Upper Northeastern Region of Thailand

MANAGEMENT APPROACHES TO ENHANCING TRACKING SERVICE QUALITY OF PARCEL DELIVERY BUSINESSES IN BANGKOK AND METROPOLITAN AREAS

Panida VONGANU, Phinit KEAWKASETKON, Nutpatsorn TANABORWORPANID — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to: 1) examine the current conditions and problems of tracking services provided by parcel delivery businesses; 2) examine the competitive environment and external business environment; 3) investigate management practices and the use of technology related to enhancing tracking service quality; and 4) synthesize management recommendations for enhancing the tracking service quality of parcel delivery businesses in Bangkok and metropolitan areas. This qualitative study employed secondary data together with in-depth interviews with 20 key informants, who were purposively selected based on their knowledge, experience, and relevance to the research issues. The research instruments consisted of a data recording form and a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analyzed using content analysis and presented through analytical description. The findings revealed that: 1) the parcel delivery business has expanded in line with the growth of e-commerce, resulting in higher customer expectations regarding delivery speed, punctuality, and the accuracy of tracking information. Major problems included incomplete scanning, delayed status updates, and inconsistencies in information across service channels; 2) parcel delivery businesses faced intense competition in terms of price, speed, service quality, and information transparency, while political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors also affected business operations and service quality; 3) enhancing tracking service quality was associated with seven management functions—planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, and budgeting—together with the use of technologies such as Barcode/QR Code, GPS, information systems, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT); and 4) enhancing tracking service quality should involve the integration of data, technology, personnel, and management processes by establishing data standards and clear responsibilities, developing personnel competencies, integrating information systems, implementing alert and contingency systems, and using performance indicators for continuous service quality improvement.

Keywords: Management, Service Quality, Parcel Tracking, Parcel Delivery Business

A STUDY OF CURRENT CONDITIONS, PROBLEMS AND FACTORS RELATED TO ENHANCING INSURANCE AGENT COMPETENCIES IN THE ISLAMIC LIFE INSURANCE (TAKAFUL) BUSINESS IN THAILAND

Montira DACH-ARRUN, Phinit KEAWKASETKON, Nutpatsorn TANABORWORPANID — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This qualitative study aimed to: 1) Examine the conditions and problems of competency management among insurance agents; 2) Investigate factors related to competency enhancement, including human resource management and development, motivation, agent competencies, and the external environment; and 3) Propose management guidelines for enhancing the competencies of insurance agents in the Islamic life insurance (Takaful) business in Thailand. Seventeen key informants were purposively selected. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that: 1) Competency management still faced limitations in agents’ knowledge, experience, understanding of Takaful and Islamic principles, and their tendency to focus more on sales than financial advisory roles; 2) Four key factors were associated with competency enhancement: human resource management and development, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, agent competencies in knowledge, skills, abilities, and personal characteristics, and the external environment based on the PESTEL framework; and 3) Competency enhancement should be integrated at three levels. Agents should continuously develop professional knowledge, skills, abilities, and ethics; organizations should provide career-long development, knowledge management, mentoring, coaching, competency assessment, and appropriate motivation; and government and relevant agencies should promote Takaful knowledge, professional standards, specialized training, and appropriate regulations. These approaches can enhance professionalism, strengthen consumer confidence, and support the sustainable development of the Takaful business in Thailand.

Keywords: Human Resource Management and Development, Competency, Insurance Agents, Takaful Life Insurance

GENERATIVE AI-BASED SMART MANPOWER PLANNING AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM FOR CIVIL SERVANTS

Natta NILYAPORN, Chatchai WANGWIWATTANA — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This paper presents a manpower planning and career development system for civil servants in a Thai government agency, where promotion eligibility was previously checked by hand from paper records. The system encodes the agency's career path and promotion criteria as machine-readable conditions. It was built with Next.js and TypeScript over a PostgreSQL database hosted on Supabase, which holds 18 tables, 16 of them encoding the agency's promotion criteria, and it runs in two passes. The first pass is a rule engine that builds Dynamic SQL queries, checks each officer against 13 target positions, scores readiness from academic qualifications, tenure, KPI assessment results and completed training, and returns a gap report as JSON. The second pass sends that report to a Gemini Flash Lite language model, which writes it up as a Thai individual development plan. The model cannot alter any score or eligibility decision, and every output stays in draft until human resource staff approve it. A System Usability Scale survey of 20 users returned a mean score of 78.5, which falls in the acceptable range.

Keywords: Manpower Planning, Career Path, Generative AI, Rule Engine, Individual Development Plan

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EMOTIONAL STATES AND WORK PERFORMANCE AMONG OFFICE EMPLOYEES UNDER DIFFERENT CORRELATED COLOR TEMPERATURES OF LIGHTING: A CASE STUDY IN AN INDUSTRIAL FACTORY IN RAYONG PROVINCE, THAILAND

Fangye YANG, Parvena MEEPRADIT, Ratiwun SUWATTANAMARA — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to compare the effects of different correlated color temperatures (CCTs) on mood states and work performance among office employees. The participants were 25 office employees. A repeated-measures design was employed, comparing the participants’ original lighting condition, which was designated as the baseline condition, with three controlled lighting conditions of 3000K, 4000K, and 6500K at an illuminance level of approximately 400-500 lux. Mood states were assessed based on positive and negative mood scores, while work performance was evaluated based on the time required to complete a 350-word typing task and the number of typing errors. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons. The results showed that lighting conditions had significant overall effects on positive mood, negative mood, task completion time, and the number of typing errors. The 6500K condition produced the highest mean positive mood score and the lowest mean negative mood score, whereas the 4000K condition resulted in the shortest mean task completion time and the lowest mean number of typing errors. Significant pairwise differences in the number of typing errors were found between the baseline and 4000K conditions, between the baseline and 6500K conditions, and between the 3000K and 4000K conditions. These findings indicate that the effects of CCT may vary depending on the outcome being assessed. Under the conditions of this study, 4000K showed a favorable pattern for work performance, particularly typing accuracy, whereas 6500K showed a favorable pattern for mood states.

Keywords: Correlated Color Temperature, Lighting Conditions, Mood States, Work Performance, Office Employees

SERVICE QUALITY AFFECTING CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT OF A TRADITIONAL BUILDING MATERIALS STORE: IN THE CASE OF MEEKARNCHAANG 3 IN SELAPHUM DISTRICT, ROI ET PROVINCE

Peerapan ONPUTTHA, Jureewan PAKDEEWUT — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: 1) study the level of importance of service quality of traditional construction material stores, with a case study of Meekarnchang 3, Selaphum District, Roi Et Province; 2) study the level of customer engagement with the traditional construction material store, with a case study of Meekarnchang 3, Selaphum District, Roi Et Province; 3) compare customer engagement with the traditional construction material store, with a case study of Meekarnchang 3, Selaphum District, Roi Et Province, classified by personal factors; and 4) investigate the relationship and impact of service quality on customer engagement with the traditional construction material store, with a case study of Meekarnchang 3, Selaphum District, Roi Et Province. Data were collected from a sample of 400 respondents using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including the independent-samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that the overall service quality of the traditional construction material store, with a case study of Meekarnchang 3, Selaphum District, Roi Et Province, was at a high level (Mean = 4.04, SD = 0.42). The overall customer engagement with the traditional construction material store was also at a high level (Mean = 4.09, SD = 0.45). Service quality had a positive relationship with customer engagement with the traditional construction material store, with a moderate to high positive correlation (r = 0.627-0.771). Among the dimensions of service quality, reliability had the greatest impact on customer engagement (Beta = .331), followed by Tangibles (Beta = .230) and assurance (Beta = .206), respectively.

Keywords: Service Quality, Customer Engagement, Traditional Construction Material Store

MARKETING MIX FACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN BUDDHIST RELIGIOUS SUPPLY BUSINESSES IN ROI ET

Korrawan TARASEE, Jureewan PAKDEEWUT — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to 1) study the importance level of marketing mix factors in the Buddhist religious supply business in Roi Et Province 2) study the level of customer loyalty toward the Buddhist religious supply business in Roi Et Province 3) compare customer loyalty toward the Buddhist religious supply business in Roi Et Province classified by personal factors and 4) study the relationship and impact of marketing mix factors on customer loyalty toward the Buddhist religious supply business in Roi Et Province. Data were collected via questionnaires from a sample of 400 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including independent t-tests, One-Way ANOVA (F-test), Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The research results revealed that the overall marketing mix factors for the Buddhist religious supply business in Roi Et Province were at a high level ( = 4.27, SD = 0.40) Overall customer loyalty toward the Buddhist religious supply business was also at a high level ( = 4.34, SD = 0.33) The marketing mix factors had a moderate positive correlation with customer loyalty toward the Buddhist religious supply business in Roi Et Province (r = 0.362-0.479) Regarding the impact of the marketing mix factors, process had the greatest impact on customer loyalty (Beta = .221), followed by product (Beta = .212) and people (Beta = .186) respectively

Keywords: Marketing Mix, Loyalty, Customer Buddhist Religious Supply Business

FACTORS AFFECTING CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS TOWARD INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HOSPITALS: A CASE STUDY OF SIKARIN HOSPITAL

Chanakan SRIRATANABAN, Nontawat WUTTIRONARIT — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to: 1) examine cybersecurity awareness regarding hospital information systems; 2) investigate factors influencing cybersecurity awareness; and 3) identify approaches to developing effective factors that promote cybersecurity awareness. The sample consisted of 830 personnel at Sikarin Hospital who used its internal information systems. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and inferential statistics. The dependent variable’s composite score was calculated by averaging the mean scores of its four dimensions. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression were used for hypothesis testing at the .05 significance level. The results showed that respondents reported a low overall level of opinion regarding factors influencing cybersecurity awareness (mean = 2.49). Among individual dimensions, attitudes toward cybersecurity had the highest mean (4.02), while hospital information system usage behavior had the lowest (1.62). Overall cybersecurity awareness was high (mean = 3.89), with tools and technology receiving the highest mean (3.98) and learning and training the lowest (3.80). Of the seven factors examined, four had significant positive relationships with and positive effects on overall cybersecurity awareness: 1) information security knowledge; 2) exposure to cybersecurity-related information; 3) attitudes toward cybersecurity; and 4) positive cybersecurity-related behavior.

Keywords: Awareness, Cybersecurity, Information Systems

A PILOT STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF A COMPASSION-FOCUSED THERAPY GROUP COUNSELING PROGRAM ON SELF-COMPASSION IN EMERGING ADULTS WITH HEART CENTER ENNEAGRAM TYPES

Michada SOMPRAKIT, Sinaporn WITHAYAVANICHAI, Sittiporn KRAMANON — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examined the feasibility of a group counseling program based on Compassion-Focused Therapy and compared self-compassion among emerging adults with heart triad Enneagram types before and after participation. A pre-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. Six emerging adults with heart triad Enneagram types were selected by purposive sampling from 10 applicants. The research instruments were a Compassion-Focused Therapy group counseling program consisting of eight 90- to 120-minute sessions, a general information questionnaire, and the Thai version of the Self-Compassion Scale, which was pilot-tested with 33 emerging adults whose characteristics were similar to those of the study participants and yielded a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .957. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, median, interquartile range, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with exact one-tailed probabilities consistent with the directional hypothesis, together with effect sizes and confidence intervals for the median difference. Regarding feasibility, all six participants attended all eight sessions, yielding a retention and attendance rate of 100.00%, with no dropouts and no adverse events. Regarding the outcome, self-compassion scores were significantly higher after the program than before it at the .05 level, with a median of 51.00 at pretest and 98.50 at posttest (Z = 2.20, p = .016, r = .64). The median difference was 43.00 points (95% CI [21.00, 57.00]), and every participant improved. These findings indicate that the program is feasible for enhancing self-compassion in this population. Because the design included no control group and the sample was small, the results should be interpreted as preliminary. Future research should incorporate a control group and a follow-up assessment.

Keywords: Compassion-Focused Therapy, Self-Compassion, Emerging Adults, Heart Triad Enneagram, Pilot Study

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THAI READING COMPREHENSION ABILITY USING THE SQ5R TECHNIQUE WHIT GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS FOR PRATHOM SUKSA 2 STUDENTS AT BAN DONG YANG SCHOOL

Wanchat KANLAI, Sanit SATTAYOPAS, Sasithorn INTUN — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This classroom action research aimed to: 1) examine contextual problems and needs in Thai language learning management; 2) develop Thai reading comprehension lesson plans using the SQ5R technique combined with graphic organizers; and 3) evaluate Grade 2 students’ reading comprehension after the intervention against the 70% criterion. The target group comprised four Grade 2 students at Ban Dong Yang School, Tak Province, in the first semester of the 2026 academic year. Research instruments included a teacher interview protocol, 10 lesson plans totaling 10 hours, and a 20-item, three-option multiple-choice reading comprehension test. Data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation (S.D.), and percentage. The findings revealed that: 1) Students lacked systematic reading strategies and tools for organizing ideas, resulting in reading comprehension scores below the 70% criterion. Traditional lecture- and rote-based instruction, limited individualized analysis, and insufficient engaging media and innovative techniques contributed to boredom, low motivation, and unsatisfactory achievement. These findings highlighted the need for active reading instruction supported by visual thinking tools. 2) The developed lesson plans integrating SQ5R with graphic organizers demonstrated a high level of appropriateness (mean = 4.33, S.D. = 0.29). 3) All students showed continuous improvement across action research cycles and achieved average post-intervention reading comprehension scores exceeding the 70% criterion. Observations and interviews also indicated active participation in discussions, group interactions, graphic organizer activities, and question-and-answer exchanges, which enhanced students’ confidence and enthusiasm for learning.

Keywords: Ability, Reading Comprehension, SQ5R Technique, Graphic Organizers

EMPLOYEES’ ATTITUDES TOWARD ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR ORGANIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND WORK PERFORMANCE IN THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ERA: A CASE STUDY OF THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY IN BANGKOK AND THE METROPOLITAN REGION

Niratchaporn MAHASALN, Bubpha THANUTTAMANON, Suraporn ONPUTTHA — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to examine the levels of organizational citizenship behavior, organizational knowledge management, and employee work performance in the artificial intelligence era: a case study of the electronics industry in Bangkok and its metropolitan region. This study employed a quantitative research methodology. The sample consisted of 400 employees working in the electronics industry in Bangkok and its metropolitan region, selected through quota sampling and convenience sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The results revealed that: 1) organizational citizenship behavior was at a high level overall (M = 3.76, S.D. = 0.81), with conscientiousness receiving the highest mean score and altruism the lowest; 2) organizational knowledge management was at a high level overall (M = 3.74, S.D. = 0.81), with knowledge transfer and sharing receiving the highest mean score and knowledge creation the lowest; and 3) employee work performance was at a high level overall (M = 3.74, S.D. = 0.82), with cost receiving the highest mean score, while quality of work and quantity of work received the lowest. These findings are beneficial to entrepreneurs and relevant agencies in formulating policies to promote organizational citizenship behavior, develop knowledge management systems, and enhance employees' artificial intelligence skills in order to improve Work Performance and strengthen the competitiveness of Thailand's electronics industry.

Keywords: Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Organizational Knowledge Management, Work Performance, Artificial Intelligence, Electronics Industry

ATTITUDES OF SME ENTREPRENEUR TOWARD SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES, GOVERNMENT SUPPORT, AND CAPITAL MARKET ACCESS CAPABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE BANGKOK METROPOLITAN REGION

Tippawatchara SATTAWATTANAKUL, Chotima JOTIKASTHIRA, Suraporn ONPUTTHA — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to examine the attitudes of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) toward sustainable supply chain management, dynamic capabilities, government support, and capital market access capability in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. This study employed quantitative research design. The sample consisted of 400 SME entrepreneurs, selected through stratified random sampling based on seven business categories, followed by simple random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The results revealed that the entrepreneurs' attitudes toward all variables were at a high level. Sustainable supply chain management had a mean score of 4.01, with the environmental dimension receiving the highest mean. Dynamic capabilities had a mean score of 4.01, with seizing opportunities and decision-making receiving the highest mean. Capital market access capability had a mean score of 3.95, with systematic readiness and governance receiving the highest mean. Government support had a mean score of 3.89, the lowest among the four variables, with the legal and regulatory dimension receiving the highest mean. The findings reflect that entrepreneurs place greater importance on internal organizational factors than on reliance on government measures. These findings are beneficial for entrepreneurs in planning their business development toward sustainability, and serve as supporting information for government agencies to improve SME promotion measures so that they reach entrepreneurs more effectively.

Keywords: Sustainable Supply Chain Management, Dynamic Capabilities, Government Support, Capital Market Access Capability, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

INNOVATION-DRIVEN MARKETING: INTEGRATING MATERIALS SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INTO ONLINE MARKETING STRATEGIES IN THE CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY

Walailak THAMMAJAKSILA, Kongkoon TOCHAIWAT — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Digital lifestyles and prolonged screen time have increased consumer attention to eye comfort and eye-health-related product performance, particularly among Generations Y and Z. This study aimed to develop a business conceptual framework integrating materials science and digital marketing to explore how material innovation and marketing factors shape online purchase intentions for daily contact lenses across these two generational groups. A qualitative approach was employed through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 purposively selected participants, comprising 8 Gen Y and 8 Gen Z users who regularly wore and purchased daily contact lenses online. The analysis was informed by three conceptual and theoretical frameworks: the Marketing Mix (4Ps), the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model, and the Diffusion of Innovations. The findings indicated different patterns in how participants in the two groups evaluated and responded to innovation. Gen Y participants placed greater emphasis on long-term safety, product credibility, and trusted purchasing channels, and were more willing to pay higher prices for perceived quality. In contrast, Gen Z participants were more price sensitive and relied more heavily on immediate wearing comfort, user reviews, and promotional offers when making purchase decisions. These findings suggest that innovation-driven marketing should communicate material benefits in ways that reflect the priorities of each group while maintaining credible online channels and transparent product information.

Keywords: Innovation-Driven Marketing, Material Innovation, Contact Lenses, Online Marketing Channels, Digital Consumer Behavior, Generation Y (Gen Y), Generation Z (Gen Z)

ACCOUNTING EMPLOYEES’ ATTITUDES TOWARD DIGITAL COMPETENCY, QUALITY OF WORK LIFE, AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE DIGITAL ERA: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE BANGKOK METROPOLITAN REGION

Benjawan THANYAWATTANA, Bubpha THANUTTAMANON, Sarakul SUKORTPROMMEE — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to examine the attitudes of accounting employees in the digital era toward digital competency, quality of work life, and work efficiency. This study employed a quantitative research approach. The sample consisted of 400 accounting employees working in Bangkok and its metropolitan area, selected through purposive sampling combined with convenience sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The results revealed that: (1) digital competency was at a high level overall (x̄ = 4.12, S.D. = 0.50), with the security dimension receiving the highest mean score at the highest level (x̄ = 4.22), while the information and data literacy dimension received the lowest mean score (x̄ = 4.04); (2) quality of work life was at a high level overall (x̄ = 4.01, S.D. = 0.62), with the safe working environment dimension receiving the highest mean score (x̄ = 4.07), while the fair compensation dimension received the lowest mean score (x̄ = 3.93); and (3) work efficiency of accounting employees in the digital era was at a high level overall (x̄ = 4.10, S.D. = 0.56), with the time dimension receiving the highest mean score (x̄ = 4.15), while the cost dimension received the lowest mean score (x̄ = 4.04). These findings provide empirical evidence that business organizations can utilize as guidelines for developing digital skills, improving compensation structures and working environments, and sustainably enhancing the work efficiency of accounting personnel in alignment with the digital era.

Keywords: Digital Competency, Quality of Work Life, Work Efficiency, Accounting Employees, Digital Era

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 10% NIACINAMIDE CREAM VERSUS 3% TRANEXAMIC ACID CREAM IN THE TREATMENT OF MELASMA: A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, INTRA-INDIVIDUAL SPLIT-FACE COMPARATIVE STUDY

Deka Aden MUMIN, Sunisa THAICHINDA, Anon PAICHITROJJANA — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Melasma is a common acquired hyperpigmentation disorder, particularly in individuals with darker skin phototypes. Although topical niacinamide and tranexamic acid have shown depigmenting effects, direct comparative evidence remains limited. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 10% niacinamide cream and 3% tranexamic acid cream for melasma, assessing changes in hemifacial modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) scores, melanin index, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects. This prospective, randomized, double-blinded, intra-individual split-face study was conducted at Mae Fah Luang University Hospital, Bangkok, involving 24 participants aged 30–50 years with Fitzpatrick skin types IV–V. Each participant applied 10% niacinamide cream to one randomly assigned facial side and 3% tranexamic acid cream to the other twice daily for 12 weeks. Assessments were performed at baseline and Weeks 4, 8, and 12, with melanin index measured using the Mexameter® MX 18. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Twenty-three participants completed the study. Both treatments significantly reduced mMASI scores at Week 12 (p < 0.001), from 3.92 ± 1.80 to 3.06 ± 1.59 with niacinamide and from 4.03 ± 1.80 to 3.27 ± 1.76 with tranexamic acid. The between-treatment difference in change was not statistically significant (−0.10 points, p = 0.262). Secondary analyses showed lower raw mMASI scores with niacinamide at Weeks 8 (p = 0.041) and 12 (p = 0.032), along with higher patient satisfaction (p = 0.034). Melanin index did not differ significantly between treatments, and no adverse effects were reported. Both creams significantly improved melasma severity and were well tolerated over 12 weeks. Neither treatment was statistically superior on the primary endpoint, and secondary findings favoring niacinamide should be considered exploratory and require further confirmation.

Keywords: Melasma, Niacinamide, Tranexamic Acid, mMASI, Melanin Index, Mexameter®, Split-Face Study, Fitzpatrick Skin Type IV-V

THE USE OF GENERATIVE AI AND CHANGES IN WORK PRACTICES AMONG PUBLIC SECTOR PERSONNEL

Ratchata ATHIKOMSERANI — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examined the acceptance and use of Generative AI, perceived organizational support, and changes in work practices among public sector personnel. A qualitative descriptive and interpretive approach was employed. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 12 participants, including civil servants, state enterprise employees, public organization employees, and university personnel who had experience using Generative AI in their work. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, informed by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Perceived Organizational Support (POS), and the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model. The findings showed that Generative AI was applied to a range of tasks, including information searching and summarization, document preparation, work planning, content creation, and programming. Participants perceived that Generative AI reduced the time required for certain tasks, enabled faster task initiation, and helped organize information more systematically. Its acceptance and use were associated with perceived usefulness, ease of use, influence from supervisors and colleagues, as well as the availability of tools, training, and organizational policies. The findings also indicated a shift from completing all stages of work independently toward working collaboratively with AI, with greater emphasis on defining tasks, reviewing outputs, refining results, and making final decisions. Nevertheless, concerns remained regarding accuracy, reliability, data security, and differences in users’ digital capabilities. The study suggests that the effective adoption of Generative AI should therefore be accompanied by the development of AI literacy, clear policies and data governance guidelines, appropriate access to AI tools, and continued human oversight.

Keywords: Generative AI, Technology Acceptance, Perceived Organizational Support, Work Practices, Public Sector Personnel

FORECASTING INVENTORY MANAGEMENT USING MACHINE LEARNING

Pachinee YOMAR — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This independent research aims to forecast sales volume using time series analysis and to study factors affecting inventory management through machine learning techniques, following the CRISP-DM methodology from business understanding through deployment. The data used in this study consists of historical sales records from January 2022 to June 2025, obtained from VFT Fastening Co., Ltd., focusing on the highest-selling product type IF4048. The variables include daily sales volume, inventory stock, Thai and Korean public holidays, number of defective products, transportation data, supplier purchase orders, and product lead time. Sales forecasting results using five models — ARMA, ARIMA, SARIMA, LSTM, and Prophet found that the SARIMA model achieved the lowest AIC value of 397.523, indicating the most appropriate statistical model structure. However, the LSTM model yielded the lowest error values, with MAE of 222,441 and RMSE of 243,546, demonstrating the highest forecasting accuracy in terms of error reduction against actual data. For inventory management factor analysis using three algorithms in WEKA, Decision Tree (J48) achieved the highest accuracy at 99.1218%, followed by Support Vector Machine (SMO) at 95.4995% and Naïve Bayes at 82.4369% respectively. The key factors identified by J48 as influencing inventory risk were stock quantity (STOCK), daily sales volume (UNITS_SOLD), and number of defective products (DEFECT). In conclusion, LSTM is the most suitable model for sales forecasting in terms of predictive accuracy, while Decision Tree (J48) is the most appropriate model for supporting inventory management decisions, reducing risks from both stockouts and overstock situations, and enhancing the company's inventory planning efficiency in the future.

Keywords: Inventory Management, Time Series Analysis, Machine Learning, Decision Tree, LSTM, SARIMA

THE EFFECT OF EARNINGS VOLATILITY ON DIVIDEND POLICY: THE MODERATING ROLE OF OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE — EVIDENCE FROM HIGH-DIVIDEND FIRMS LISTED ON THE STOCK EXCHANGE OF THAILAND

Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to investigate the impact of earnings volatility on dividend payout and to analyze the moderating role of ownership structure, focusing on high-dividend-paying companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). This study employs a quantitative research approach. The sample consists of high-dividend-paying companies included in the SETHD Index of the Stock Exchange of Thailand from the second half of 2011 to 2025, covering a period of 14.5 years, as the SETHD Index was first calculated in the second half of 2011, resulting in a total of 389 observations. Companies in the financial industry, specifically those in the banking and finance and securities sectors, were excluded from the sample. Secondary data were obtained from the SETHD Index database available through the SETSMART Database of the Stock Exchange of Thailand. The findings reveal that: 1) Earnings volatility has a statistically significant negative relationship with dividend payouts of high-dividend-paying companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand at the statistical significance level of.05 and 2) Ownership structure significantly moderates the relationship between earnings volatility and dividend payout among high-dividend-paying companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand at the statistical significance level of.05

Keywords: Earnings Volatility, Dividend Payout, Ownership Structure, High-Dividend Firms

RISK-SENSITIVE AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE PREMIUM PRICING UNDER A BONUS-MALUS SYSTEM

Jiramet HENGCHAROENSUK, Adisak MOUMEESRI — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study proposes an automobile insurance premium pricing model under a Bonus-Malus System (BMS), considering both claim frequency and claim severity. The claim frequency is assumed to follow the Poisson-New Sushila distribution, while claim severity is assumed to follow the Exponential-New Sushila distribution. A Bayesian approach is applied to estimate insurance premiums based on the policyholder’s claim history. Using a real-world motor insurance dataset comprising 67,856 policies, the results show that the Poisson-New Sushila distribution provides a better fit to the claim frequency data than the competing distributions, while the Exponential-New Sushila distribution provides the best fit to the claim severity data, with a Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic of 0.043192. The premium calculations demonstrate that the proposed premiums reflect both the frequency and severity of claims, resulting in more appropriate and equitable premium pricing for both policyholders and insurers. The findings can be applied as a guideline for developing risk-based motor insurance premium pricing systems based on policyholders’ risk levels, thereby supporting effective risk management and premium determination by insurance companies.

Keywords: Automobile Insurance, Bonus-Malus System, Bayesian Approach, Claim Frequency, Claim Severity

THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL DISCIPLINE AND SOCIAL PRESSURE ON THE FINANCIAL WELL-BEING OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN SOUTHERN THAILAND

Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to 1) study the levels of Financial Discipline, Social Pressure, and Financial Well-being among university students in southern Thailand, and 2) Investigate the influence of Financial Discipline and Social Pressure on the Financial Well-being of university students in southern Thailand. A stratified random sampling method was employed to select a sample of 385 participants, categorized by university type: autonomous universities and Rajabhat universities. Data were collected using a questionnaire comprising items on Financial Discipline, Social Pressure, and Financial Well-being. The descriptive results revealed that overall Financial Discipline was at a good level, with both the income-expense management aspect and the savings aspect rated at a good level. Overall Social Pressure was at a moderate level, with the perceived pressure aspect at a moderate level and the social conformity behavior aspect at a low level. Overall Financial Well-being was at a moderate level. The hypothesis testing results regarding the influences on Financial Well-being showed that Financial Discipline had a positive effect and Social Pressure had a negative effect on the Financial Well-being of university students in southern Thailand at the.05 level of statistical significance.

Keywords: Financial Discipline, Social Pressure, Financial Well-being

FINANCIAL RESILIENCE AND FLOOD IMPACT LEVELS AFFECTING HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT AND RECOVERY LEVELS IN HAT YAI DISTRICT, SONGKHLA PROVINCE

Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to examine the effects of personal factors, financial resilience factors, and the level of flood impacts on household expenditure management and recovery in Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province. The findings revealed that: 1) personal factors, including occupation, number of household members, average monthly household income, and characteristics of the main source of income, significantly affected household expenditure management and recovery at the.05 significance level; 2) financial resilience factors, including savings and financial management, access to sources of funds, and the ratio of regular household expenses to income, significantly affected household expenditure management and recovery at the.05 significance level; and 3) flood impact factors, particularly occupational impact, significantly affected household expenditure management and recovery at the.05 significance level.

Keywords: Financial Resilience, Flood Impact, Household Expenditure Management and Recovery

FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF LITHIUM DISILICATE OVERLAYS WITH DIFFERENT PROXIMAL BOX DESIGNS

Jeerapha BAOLENG, Juthatip AKSORNMUANG — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varying proximal box dimensions on the fracture resistance of overlay restorations. Maxillary premolars of similar dimensions were prepared with flat occlusal surfaces and proximal boxes of different sizes. Buccolingual width of 3 or 4.5 mm and proximal depth of 1 or 1.5 mm were created on both the mesial and distal aspects. Cylindrical overlays (1.5 mm thick) were designed using the 3Shape dental system (3Shape, Copenhagen K, Denmark), milled from lithium disilicate blocks, and bonded with Panavia V5 resin cement (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tokyo, Japan). After simulated aging via thermocycling, fracture load was tested, and fracture patterns were examined using the built-in camera of a 3D profilometer. Overlay preparation designs without proximal boxes exhibited statistically significantly higher fracture load than those with proximal boxes measuring 4.5 mm in buccolingual width and 1.5 mm in proximal depth. No statistically significant differences were observed among the groups with proximal boxes. In conclusion, while variations in buccolingual width and proximal depth did not affect the fracture load of the overlay restorations, preparations without proximal boxes tended to exhibit higher fracture load and more severe fracture patterns compared to those with proximal boxes.

Keywords: Overlay, Lithium Disilicate, Proximal Box, Fracture Resistance, Fracture Mode

THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE SCORES ON THE SUSTAINABLE GROWTH OF LISTED COMPANIES ASSESSED BY THE SET ESG RATING IN THE STOCK EXCHANGE OF THAILAND

Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to examine the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores on the sustainable growth of listed companies assessed by the SET ESG Rating in the Stock Exchange of Thailand, based on 517 firm-year observations. The dependent variable is sustainable growth, which is defined as the maximum growth rate a firm can achieve without relying on external financing. The independent variable is the ESG score, while control variables include firm size, leverage ratio, and industry type. Statistical methods include descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Preliminary results from the pooled OLS model indicated that ESG scores had a statistically significant positive effect on sustainable growth. However, due to statistically significant autocorrelation, the Breusch-Pagan LM test and Hausman test were conducted to select the appropriate model. The results indicated that the Fixed Effects Model (FEM) was the most suitable model. The findings reveal that, after controlling for time-invariant, firm-specific factors using the FEM, ESG scores did not have a statistically significant effect on sustainable growth, contradicting the pooled OLS findings. Meanwhile, the leverage ratio was the only variable showing a statistically significant negative relationship with sustainable growth, consistent across both models.

Keywords: ESG Score, Sustainable Growth, Sustainable Investment, Thai Capital Market

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNAL CONTROL AT THE PROVINCIAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY, MUEANG DISTRICT BRANCH, SURAT THANI PROVINCE

Sirinyakorn SANGTHONG, Nattanan YOSSOMBAT, Maratee JANGSONG — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to study the level of internal control effectiveness and the factors related to the effectiveness of internal control at the Provincial Electricity Authority, Mueang District Branch, Surat Thani Province. The study applied the internal control concept based on the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) framework, which consists of five components: control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring activities. The sample consisted of 110 personnel of the Provincial Electricity Authority, Mueang District Branch, Surat Thani Province. The research instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using statistical methods, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The research findings revealed that the overall effectiveness of internal control at the Provincial Electricity Authority, Mueang District Branch, Surat Thani Province, was at a high level. When considered by individual components, the control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring activities were all found to be at a high level. These findings indicate that the organization has clearly defined structures, duties, and responsibilities; assesses and manages risks that may affect its operations; establishes appropriate procedures and control measures; communicates information necessary for work performance; and continuously monitors and evaluates its internal control system. The findings demonstrate that internal control is an important mechanism that helps ensure that the operations of the Provincial Electricity Authority, Mueang District Branch, Surat Thani Province, are accurate, transparent, and compliant with relevant regulations and organizational objectives. Therefore, the organization should continuously promote and develop its internal control system, particularly in the areas of risk management, internal communication, and monitoring and evaluation, in order to enhance operational efficiency and reduce the likelihood of errors or damage to the organization.

Keywords: Effectiveness, Internal Control, Provincial Electricity Authority

THE RESPONSE OF THE SET50 INDEX TO POLICY INTEREST RATE ANNOUNCEMENTS: EXPECTED VS. UNEXPECTED DECISIONS

Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the response of SET50 index return volatility to the Bank of Thailand policy rate announcements from 2011 to 2025. The dataset covers a total of 110 events across short-term (+-3 days) and long-term (+-10 days) event windows. The analysis compares expected decisions versus unexpected decisions, while evaluating market efficiency under the semi-strong form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). Using Paired Samples T-Test and Independent Samples T-Test statistics, the results show no statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level in volatility between pre- and post-announcement periods for both time horizons. Additionally, while volatility levels between expected decisions and unexpected decisions do not differ significantly in the short-term window, a statistically significant difference at the 0.10 level is observed in the long-term window (+-10 days), where unexpected decisions exhibit higher volatility. Finally, testing market efficiency through absolute returns shows that volatility increases on the announcement day and significantly normalizes by Day +2. These findings indicate that the Thai capital market absorb monetary policy information within 1-2 trading days, supporting the semi-strong form EMH.

Keywords: Policy Interest Rate, Market Expectations, Volatility, Event Study, SET50 Index, Market Efficiency

RICE YIELD FORECASTING FOR EXPORT PLANNING USING TIME SERIES AND MACHINE LEARNING

Supawit WANITCHAPAN — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This independent study aims to apply machine learning techniques to forecast rice demand and supply in Thailand, identify factors influencing rice production, and support decision-making to increase rice sales at CM Premium Rice Co., Ltd. The study employed the CRISP-DM methodology, using data from the Rice Department, the Office of Agricultural Economics, and the company. Five time-series models—ARM, ARIMA, SARIMA, LSTM, and Prophet—were developed using Google Colaboratory. SARIMA achieved the lowest AIC, while Prophet provided the best forecasting accuracy, with the lowest MAE and RMSE of 1,096.78 and 1,422.27, respectively. For decision support, three classification algorithms—Decision Tree (J48), Naïve Bayes, and Support Vector Machine (SMO)—were evaluated. Decision Tree (J48) achieved the highest accuracy of 99.94%. The factors influencing rice production were rainfall, humidity, and temperature. When rainfall and humidity are low, the company should source Thai Hom Mali rice from the upper northern provinces of Thailand. The Prophet model's Lower Bound can support order planning by reducing the risk of stock shortages, while the Upper Bound can help prevent excess inventory. These findings can support the company's sales, inventory, and procurement planning

Keywords: Rice Yield Forecasting, Machine Learning, Time Series Analysis

THE ROLE OF TRUST IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) ON INVESTMENT DECISION-MAKING AMONG SET100 INVESTORS IN HAT YAI DISTRICT, SONGKHLA PROVINCE

Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to examine the levels of technology acceptance, trust in artificial intelligence (AI), and behavioral intention to use; compare differences based on demographic factors; and analyze the effects of technology acceptance factors and trust in AI on the intention to use AI for investment decision-making in SET100 stocks among investors in Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province. This quantitative research collected data from a sample of 400 SET100 stock investors in Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province, using questionnaires as the research instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics at a statistical significance level of 0.05. The hypothesis testing revealed that demographic factors-namely gender, age, and educational level—did not yield statistically significant differences in investment decision-making behavior. However, different monthly income levels led to statistically significant differences in investment decisions at the 0.05 level, with investors earning 25,001-35,000 THB per month demonstrating a higher level of investment decision-making than other income groups. Furthermore, perceived ease of use (β = 0.409), perceived usefulness (β = 0.240), and trust in AI systems (β = 0.089) had statistically significant positive influences on SET100 investment decisions at the 0.05 level. Together, these three independent variables accounted for 38.5% of the variance in the intention to use AI (Adjusted R² = 0.385). The discussion indicates that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and system trust positively influence investors' intention to adopt AI systems to support investment decision-making and their actual investments in SET100 stocks.

Keywords: Trust, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Artificial Intelligence, Investment
Decision-Making, SET100 Stocks

A STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARD ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES AMONG SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AT THE DEMONSTRATION SCHOOL OF KANCHANABURI RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY

Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to assess the levels of knowledge and attitudes toward electronics cigarettes and to compare knowledge and attitudes among senior high school students at the Demonstration School of Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University. The sample consisted of 217 senior high school students. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.905. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, an independent-samples t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. The results revealed that: 1) the students’ overall knowledge of electronic cigarettes was at a moderate level, with a mean score of 30.12 out of 43 and a standard deviation of 5.29; 2) their overall attitudes toward electronic cigarettes were at a high level, with a mean score of 3.70 and a standard deviation of 0.61; 3) students of different sexes and grade levels differed significantly in their knowledge of electronic cigarettes at the .01 level, whereas no significant difference was found among students of different ages; and 4) no statistically significant differences in attitudes toward electronic cigarettes were found among students of different sexes, ages, or grade levels at the .05 level.

Keywords: Electronic Cigarettes, Knowledge, Attitudes, Senior High School Students

FACTORS AFFECTING GOLD BULLION PRICES IN THAILAND

Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to study the factors affecting gold prices in Thailand. The study utilizes secondary data collected on a monthly basis from January 2016 to December 2025, covering a total period of 10 years and comprising 120 datasets. The variables used in this study consist of the dependent variable, which is the gold price in Thailand, and five independent variables: Thailand's Consumer Price Index (CPI), the Thai Baht to US Dollar exchange rate (FX), crude oil price (WTI), global gold spot price (GS), and the US Non-Farm Payrolls (NFP). Data analysis was conducted using Multiple Linear Regression with the Ordinary Least Squares method. The results indicate that the global gold spot price (GS) has a statistically significant positive effect on gold prices in Thailand at the 0.01 level. Meanwhile, the Thai Baht to US Dollar exchange rate (FX), Thailand's Consumer Price Index (CPI), crude oil price (WTI), and the US Non-Farm Payrolls (NFP) were found to have no statistically significant impact on gold prices in Thailand. Therefore, investors should prioritize monitoring the global gold spot price, along with currency exchange trends and inflation figures, to aid in predicting gold price trends and making investment decisions.

Keywords: Thai Gold Bullion Price, Consumer Price Index, Global Gold Spot Price, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, Economic Variables

EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON THE REMOVAL OF ORGANIC AND NITROGEN USING MICROALGAL-BACTERIAL IN MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR WITHOUT EXTERNAL AERATION

Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to study the effect of photoperiod on the efficiency of removing organic matter (Chemical Oxygen Demand; COD) and nitrogen (Total Dissolved Nitrogen; TDN) to improve the removal of organic matter and nitrogen, as well as reduce energy use and membrane fouling. The study used one lighted membrane bioreactor without external aeration under stable conditions, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 days. Four light-dark patterns: P1 (12:12), P2 (6:6:6:6), P3 (8:4:8:4), and P4 (10:2:10:2). The results showed that between P1 and P2, P2 had removal efficiencies of 96.6±0.3% for organic matter and 95.9±1.0% for nitrogen. This indicates that intermittent lighting with 6 hours of light followed by 6 hours of dark is suitable for removing organic matter and nitrogen and when comparing the lighting duration among P2, P3, and P4, it was found that P3 had the highest efficiency in removing organic matter, at 98.4±1.2%. Next was P4 and P2, with efficiencies of 98.0±4.6% and 96.3±0.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, P2 had the highest nitrogen removal efficiency, at 90.9±2.1%, followed by P4 and P3, with efficiencies of 88.9±1.6% and 88.1±1.8%, respectively. The study indicates that increasing the lighting duration does not lead to simultaneous improvements in organic matter and nitrogen treatment efficiency. P3 provides the highest organic matter removal efficiency, while P2 provides the highest nitrogen removal efficiency. In summary, different lighting patterns and durations affect the efficiency of removing organic matter and nitrogen in a non-aerated illuminated membrane bioreactor system.

Keywords: Membrane Bioreactor, Photoperiod, Fouling

THE INFLUENCE OF MACROECONOMIC FACTORS ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE THROUGH PROFITABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF COMPANIES LISTED IN THE SET 100 INDEX

Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the influence of macroeconomic factors, namely gross domestic product (GDP) growth, inflation, and the policy interest rate, on the capital structure of firms listed in the SET100 index, as measured by the debt-to-equity ratio, with profitability, measured by return on equity, examined as a mediating variable. The sample comprises an unbalanced quarterly panel dataset of SET100-listed companies, excluding those in the financial sector, spanning the period from 2017 to 2025 and totaling 2,476 firm-quarter observations. The data were analyzed using path analysis in JASP, complemented by a 5,000-resample bootstrapping procedure following Hayes' approach, with firm size controlled for throughout the model. The findings indicate that GDP growth exerts a significant positive effect on profitability, whereas the policy interest rate exerts a significant negative effect; inflation, by contrast, shows no statistically significant effect. Profitability is further found to exert a significant negative effect on capital structure, while none of the three macroeconomic factors exhibits a direct effect on capital structure. The mediation analysis confirms that profitability fully mediates the relationships between GDP growth and capital structure and between the policy interest rate and capital structure, whereas no significant mediating effect is observed for inflation. Taken together, these findings suggest that macroeconomic conditions influence corporate capital structure primarily through their effect on profitability rather than through a direct channel, a result that carries meaningful implications for corporate financial planning and for the formulation of economic policy amid ongoing macroeconomic volatility.

Keywords: Capital Structure, Profitability, Macroeconomic Factors, Mediation Analysis, SET100

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF EXPERTS RELATED TO FIRE SCENE INVESTIGATION

Thanaphat ONG-ART, Narong KULNITIT — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to examine the level of knowledge and understanding among experts regarding fire scene investigation, and to analyze the relationship between personal factors and their levels of knowledge and understanding. A quantitative research methodology was employed. The sample group consisted of 30 forensic police officers responsible for crime scene investigation across 4 provinces in the lower northern region. All participants possessed specialized knowledge and a minimum of 2 years of work experience in crime scene investigation, including hands-on experience in evidence collection and scene processing. Data gathered from questionnaires were analyzed using statistical methods. The research findings revealed that the majority of the investigators were male, aged between 30 and 40 years, and held a bachelor's degree. In terms of rank, most were Police Non-Commissioned Officers (Pol. Constable to Pol. Sergeant), or held the rank of Police Sub-Lieutenant, serving in the position of on-duty crime scene investigators. Their monthly salary, including special allowances, ranged from 20,001 to 30,000 Baht. Most had less than 5 years of work experience and had attended training courses related to crime scene investigation or forensic science within the past 2 years. Regarding their expertise, the participants demonstrated a 'very good' level of knowledge and understanding of fire scene investigation. Their proficiency in conducting fire scene investigations to support legal inquiries was rated between 'very good' and 'excellent'. However, with respect to applying multidisciplinary knowledge to formulate investigative conclusions at fire scenes, the study highlights the critical importance of organizing specialized fire scene investigation training for all relevant personnel. Finally, this research proposes guidelines for enhancing the efficiency of scene investigators to foster professional advancement in the field of crime scene investigation.

Keywords: Fire Scene Investigation, Forensic Science, Multidisciplinary

PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE, SERVICE SATISFACTION, AND PERCEIVED GOVERNANCE FACTORS INFLUENCE MEMBERS' REPEATED USE OF SERVICES: A SAVINGS COOPERATIVE IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE

Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research examined Perceived performance, service satisfaction, and perceived governance factors influenced members' repeated use of services: A Savings Cooperative in Songkhla Province. The findings revealed that perceived operational performance in terms of finance, membership, operational development, and organizational development had a statistically significant positive effect on repeat service usage at the 0.05 level. Service satisfaction, specifically equitable, timely, adequate, continuous, and progressive service, also had a statistically significant positive effect on repeat service usage at the 0.05 level. Furthermore, perceived good governance encompassing the rule of law, transparency, participation, accountability, and cost-effectiveness had a statistically significant positive effect on repeat service usage at the 0.05 level. However, the principle of ethics did not have a statistically significant effect on repeat service usage at the 0.05 level.

Keywords: Perceived Performance, Service Satisfaction Level, Perceived Good Governance, Repeat Service Usage

ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS AFFECTING APPROPRIATE BICYCLE LANE DESIGN ON HIGHWAYS FOR TOURISM USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS: A CASE STUDY OF HIGHWAY NO. 1004 (DOI SUTHEP, CHIANG MAI)

Kasidret CHAIPUNYA, Phawat CHAICHANAWATIK, Sakchai RAKKARN — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study assesses factors influencing bicycle lane design on Highway No. 1004 along the route to Wat Phra That Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai Province, a mountainous highway with physical and traffic constraints. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to prioritize factors based on relevant standards, previous studies, and site conditions, with evaluations from five experts. The results showed that overall safety had the highest weight (0.326), followed by intersections and crossing points (0.239), route physical characteristics (0.140), traffic characteristics (0.133), environmental conditions (0.100), and accessibility and usage (0.062). Key sub-factors included vehicle speed, bicycle crossings, lane width and continuity, pavement quality, sight distance, and traffic volume. The findings suggest that bicycle lane design on mountainous highways should adopt a systematic approach incorporating speed control, conflict reduction, facility continuity, appropriate separation, visibility, pavement quality, and emergency response. The results provide preliminary guidance for bicycle facility planning and design in mountainous areas. Further studies should include other locations and direct data from cyclists.

Keywords: AHP, Bicycle Lane, Mountainous Highway, Highway No. 1004, Doi Suthep, Road Safety

WATER UPTAKE OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL FOAM, CLEANROOM MICROFIBER WIPER, ABSORBENT PAPER, COTTON PELLETS, AND GAUZE UNDER SIMULATED ORAL ENVIRONMENT

Patipol LURKLAPPANANON, Morakot PIEMJAI — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this study was to compare the water absorption in the dental cavity of various absorbent materials under a simulated oral environment as an alternative to rubber dam isolation. Five types of absorbent materials were tested: polyvinyl alcohol foam, absorbent paper, cotton pellets, gauze, and cleanroom microfiber wiper, with comparisons based on the actual weight gain from water absorption within a 10-second period. The results of the study revealed significant differences in water absorption among the material types at the.05 significance level. Polyvinyl alcohol foam, absorbent paper, and cotton pellets exhibited the highest water absorption with no statistically significant differences among them and performed significantly better than gauze and cleanroom microfiber wipers. When considering both the water absorption from this study and the lint-free property reported in the literature, absorbent paper and polyvinyl alcohol foam are the most appropriate alternative materials for water absorption and moisture isolation in the conditioned tooth cavity during the bonding procedure.

Keywords: Water Absorption, Moisture Control, Absorbent Materials, Absorbent Paper, Polyvinyl Alcohol Foam, Cleanroom Microfiber Wipers

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES FOR CAGE-CULTURED ASIAN SEA BASS FARMING BASED ON THE THREE-PHASE NEW THEORY OF HIS MAJESTY KING RAMA IX: A CASE STUDY OF KOH YOR SUBDISTRICT, MUEANG SONGKHLA DISTRICT, SONGKHLA PROVINCE

Vichayada PACTKOR, Rapeepun TAECHAPATANASAKUL — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to examine cage-cultured Asian sea bass farming in Koh Yor Subdistrict, Songkhla Province, and propose business development guidelines based on the Three-Phase New Theory of King Rama IX. A qualitative approach was employed, involving 12 purposively selected informants: six experienced farmers from two community enterprise groups and six representatives from government agencies and financial institutions. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, audio recordings, and field notes. The interview guide was validated by three experts. Data were analyzed through coding, categorization, comparison, and synthesis. Credibility was enhanced through triangulation, expert review, and member checking. Findings showed that farmers relied on personal capital, household labor, experience, and Songkhla Lake's natural resources. Key challenges included high input costs, price fluctuations, dependence on middlemen, water quality and fish health risks, and limited access to finance. Phase 1 emphasized self-reliant farm management through cost control, production planning, record keeping, and risk management. Phase 2 focused on learning, value addition, market linkages, and bargaining power, although joint procurement remained limited. Phase 3 improved opportunities for group-based financing, but documentation, collateral, and loan limits remained barriers. The proposed guidelines prioritize farm-level cost and risk management, strengthen community enterprises through joint production and marketing, and connect financially prepared groups with suitable lenders and external markets. This sequential approach is expected to improve business stability and reduce long-term structural risks.

Keywords: Asian Sea Bass Cage Culture, Three-Phase New Theory, Community Enterprise, Business Development, Koh Yor

FACTORS INFLUENCING COSMETICS PURCHASE DECISIONS IN CONVENIENCE STORES IN CHANTHABURI PROVINCE

Kesari PAYAKKHAKUL, Penpatra TANTAWARANAT — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to compare cosmetics purchase decisions among consumers at convenience stores in Chanthaburi Province across demographic groups, examine the predictive relationships between the service marketing mix and purchase decisions, and propose marketing recommendations for retailers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using purposive sampling to recruit 400 consumers who had purchased cosmetics at convenience stores in Chanthaburi Province. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using percentages, means, standard deviations, one-way analysis of variance, and stepwise multiple regression. The results showed that the overall service marketing mix was rated at the highest level (M = 4.36, SD = 0.721), with mean scores across its seven dimensions ranging from 4.30 to 4.38. The overall purchase decision score was also at the highest level (M = 4.34, SD = 0.758), with the item concerning price and quality considerations receiving the highest mean score. Purchase decisions did not differ significantly by gender, age, educational attainment, or monthly income (p >.05). The regression analysis revealed that promotion (β = .325), physical evidence (β = .316), product (β = .125), process (β = .116), and price (β = .103) were significantly and positively associated with purchase decisions (p <.05). Together, these variables explained 87.1% of the variance in purchase decision scores (R² = .871; adjusted R² = .870). Place and people were not selected for inclusion in the final regression model. These findings suggest that retailers should prioritize promotional activities and the in-store environment, alongside product development, appropriate pricing, and service processes, to support consumers’ purchase decisions.

Keywords: Purchase Decisions, Cosmetics, Convenience Stores, Service Marketing Mix

INFLUENCE OF SCANNABLE HEALING ABUTMENT DIAMETER ON THE TRUENESS OF INTRAORAL SCANS: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This in vitro study evaluated the effect of scannable healing abutment (SHA) diameter on the trueness of intraoral scanning. Three SHA diameters, 4 mm (D4), 5 mm (D5), and 6 mm (D6), were scanned under controlled conditions with a constant supramucosal height. Reference data were obtained using a laboratory scanner. Ten repeated intraoral scans were performed for each group. The scan datasets were superimposed onto the reference dataset using three-dimensional analysis software. Trueness was assessed using root mean square (RMS), linear, and angular deviations. RMS, linear and angular deviation was analyzed using one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Significant differences among the diameter groups were observed for all outcomes (p < 0.001). RMS deviation decreased significantly from D4 (61.11 ± 4.93 µm) to D5 (47.62 ± 7.91 µm) and D6 (32.90 ± 4.75 µm). Linear deviation showed a similar decrease from D4 (81.07 ± 6.04 µm) to D5 (62.42 ± 7.50 µm) and D6 (39.44 ± 11.38 µm). Angular deviation was significantly greater in D4 (0.75 ± 0.12°) than in D5 (0.47 ± 0.11°) and D6 (0.40 ± 0.08°), with no significant difference between D5 and D6. Increasing the SHA diameter improved RMS and linear scanning trueness, whereas angular trueness did not significantly improve with an increase in diameter from 5 to 6 mm.

Keywords: Intraoral Scanners, Trueness, Implant, Scannable Healing Abutment

SIX-MONTH DIMENSIONAL CHANGES IN THE ALVEOLAR BONE AND RIDGE FOLLOWING IMMEDIATE IMPLANT PLACEMENT: A COMPARISON OF IMMEDIATE PROVISIONAL RESTORATION AND FREE GINGIVAL GRAFT SOCKET SEALING IN A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL PILOT STUDY

Papichaya UKACHOT, Srisurang SUTTAPREYASRI, Narit LEEPONG — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This prospective observational pilot study aimed to compare changes in alveolar bone width, alveolar ridge width, and alveolar ridge volume following immediate implant placement using immediate provisional restoration (IP) and free gingival graft socket sealing (FGG) over six months. Eight participants were included, with four in each group. Alveolar bone width was measured using cone-beam computed tomography, while ridge width and volume were assessed using digital models taken immediately after surgery and at six months. Between-group differences were analyzed using the exact Mann-Whitney U test (*p* < 0.05). At six months, the median reduction in alveolar bone width was 0.86 mm in the IP group and 2.08 mm in the FGG group, showing a significantly smaller reduction in the IP group (*p* = 0.029). The median reduction in alveolar ridge width was 0.99 mm in the IP group and 2.21 mm in the FGG group, with no statistically significant difference (*p* = 0.200). Similarly, the median percentage reduction in alveolar ridge volume was 6.79% and 6.97%, respectively, with no significant difference (*p* = 0.686). Within the limitations of this non-randomized pilot study, immediate provisional restoration was associated with significantly less alveolar bone width reduction than free gingival graft socket sealing. However, changes in alveolar ridge width and volume did not differ significantly between groups. Baseline differences may have influenced the results; therefore, the observed findings cannot be attributed solely to the socket-sealing method.

Keywords: Immediate Implant Placement, Immediate Provisional Restoration, Free Gingival Graft, Alveolar Bone, Alveolar Ridge

INFLUENCES OF HOLE DIAMETERS AND CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ON THE PUSH-OUT FORCE OF LOCATOR ATTACHMENT HOUSING IN 3D-PRINTED OVERDENTURE

Jiratsaya KULKIRATIVANICH, Krid KAMONKHANTIKUL — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this experimental study was to evaluate the push-out force of LOCATOR attachment in 3D-printed overdenture with different hole diameters and chemical treatments. The attachment housings were attached to 3D-printed denture base with 3 hole diameters (1, 2, and 4 mm) and 2 chemical treatments (No treatment and treatment with methyl ethyl ketone). The push-out force of each specimen was evaluated and analyzed with 2-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). The results of the study revealed that: 1) The results of push-out force revealed no significant 2-way interactions. 2) the hole diameter had a significant effect on the push-out force, with the 2-mm hole diameter group exhibiting a significantly higher mean push-out force compared with the 1- and 4-mm groups. 3) chemical treatment showed no significant effects. Optimizing the hole diameter to 2 mm could significantly enhance housing retention within the denture base, whereas the chemical surface modification evaluated did not provide a significant mechanical advantage.

Keywords: Push-out Force, Denture Attachment, Hole Diameter, Chemical Treatment

NON-DESTRUCTIVE ASSESSMENT OF LIPID OXIDATION IN TREE NUTS USING NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

Anusa SIKUNJOI, Parika RUNGPICHAYAPICHET — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of prediction models for assessing lipid oxidation in tree nuts using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRs). A total of 86 samples of tree nuts, including walnuts, macadamias, and pecans, were randomly selected and scanned using a Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometer over the wavenumber range of 4,000-12,500 cm^-1. The acquired spectra were preprocessed using chemometric methods and the samples were subsequently analyzed for moisture content (MC), peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acid (FFA) as reference quality parameters. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was then applied to establish the relationship between the spectral data and the reference values. The results showed that spectral preprocessing using first derivative combined with standard normal variate (SNV) or multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), combined with wavelength selection, improved the prediction performance of the quality models. The best PLSR models for MC, PV and FFA yielded coefficient of determination (R²) values of 0.918, 0.973 and 0.764, and ratio of standard error of performance to standard deviation (RPD) values of 3.49, 6.07 and 2.03 for MC, PV and FFA, respectively. These findings demonstrate that NIRs, combined with appropriate spectral preprocessing, has the potential to serve as a rapid, non-destructive screening tool for quality assessment of tree nuts.

Keywords: Tree Nuts, Lipid Oxidation, Rancidity, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRs)

COMPARISON OF DIGITAL SCAN ACCURACY BETWEEN SCAN BODIES AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR COMPLETE-ARCH IMPLANT-SUPPORTED FIXED: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Phattaramon LERTPAYAB, Atikom SURINTANASARN, Nareudee LIMPUANGTHIP — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to compare the accuracy, as evaluated by trueness, of digital implant position recording between an intraoral scanner with scan bodies (ISB) and intraoral photogrammetry (IPG) for complete-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses with four implants. This in vitro laboratory study used an edentulous maxillary model with four implant positions. A reference dataset was obtained using a T710 laboratory scanner (Medit), and implant positions were recorded using a TRIOS 5 intraoral scanner (3Shape A/S) with Straumann scan bodies and an intraoral photogrammetry system (Shining 3D). Each system was used to record 10 scans, resulting in a total of 20 datasets. The acquired scan data were compared with the reference dataset using Geomagic Control X (3D Systems) to evaluate linear and angular deviations. Statistical analysis was performed using an Independent-samples T-Test, with the significance level set at 0.05. The results showed that the IPG system demonstrated significantly lower overall linear deviation than the ISB system, with mean values of 108.62 ± 7.06 and 161.54 ± 18.74 µm, respectively (P < 0.001). For angular deviation, the IPG system also demonstrated lower values than the ISB system, with mean values of 0.2236 ± 0.0832° and 0.3553 ± 0.1479°, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Within the limitations of this in vitro study, intraoral photogrammetry demonstrated significantly lower linear and angular deviations than an intraoral scanner with scan bodies in the four-implant model. Therefore, intraoral photogrammetry may be considered an alternative method for digital implant position recording in complete-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses, particularly in clinical situations requiring a high level of accuracy in implant position transfer.

Keywords: Photogrammetry, Scan Body, Complete-Arch Scan Accuracy, Complete-Arch Implant-Supported Fixed Prostheses

SENSORY PREFERENCES AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR ALMOND MILK WITH PEA PROTEIN PRODUCTS, AND COMPARED THE SENSORY PROPERTIES AND BENEFITS AMONG MILK CONSUMERS

Preeyawan AIRAOUM, Parinda PENROJ — Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs) have gained consumer interest, but sensory characteristics and nutritional value remain important for acceptance. This study investigated consumer responses to an almond milk beverage fortified with pea protein, formulated to contain more protein and calcium than cow’s milk and 0 grams of sugar, and examined the effects of nutritional information disclosure. Prototype formulas were evaluated against cow’s milk using a 9-point Hedonic Scale and a 5-point Just-About-Right (JAR) scale. Initial testing of Formula 1 with 31 panelists showed lower liking scores than cow’s milk, with excessive viscosity and sweetness, leading to the development of Formula 2. Testing with 130 regular milk consumers revealed that cow’s milk received significantly higher scores across all attributes than Formula 2 (*p* < 0.05), with overall liking scores of 8.05±1.12 and 6.78±1.88, respectively. JAR results indicated that viscosity and sweetness required further adjustment. Nutritional information disclosure did not significantly affect liking scores (*p* ≥ 0.05); however, the proportion willing to pay at least 21 Thai baht per 180 ml increased from 40.00% to 49.23%. In a comparison involving 50 panelists, Formula 2 outperformed a commercial high-protein almond milk product across all attributes (*p* < 0.05), achieving overall liking scores of 7.70±1.13 versus 5.72±1.97, with 92% preferring the prototype. Although Formula 2 remained less acceptable than cow’s milk, it showed competitive potential against commercial high-protein almond milk. Further development should optimize sweetness, viscosity, and creaminess and investigate how nutritional information influences perceived value, purchase intention, and willingness to pay among different consumer groups.

Keywords: Plant-Based Milk Alternatives, Sensory Evaluation, Nutritional Information, Willingness to Pay

A RANDOMIZED, SPLIT-FACE, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 0.1% ADENOSINE COMBINED WITH 5% MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE CREAM FOR PERIORBITAL WRINKLES

Puthyro THAO, Thamthiwat NARARATWANCHAI — Fri, 23 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examined the short-term effects and tolerability of a topical cream containing 0.1% adenosine combined with 5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (MAP) for the treatment of periorbital wrinkles compared with placebo. Fourteen healthy participants aged 30–50 years with visible periorbital wrinkles completed a randomized, double-blind, split-face, placebo-controlled trial. The active cream was applied nightly to one periorbital side and the placebo cream to the contralateral side. The primary endpoint was the between-side difference in change from baseline in Visioscan wrinkle score at week 12 and the secondary endpoint was the between-side difference in Cutometer R2 skin elasticity at week 12.The active-treatment side showed greater improvement than the placebo side in Visioscan wrinkle scores and Cutometer R2 measurements during the study period. At week 12, the mean between-side difference in change from baseline was 19.04 point for Visioscan wrinkle score and 0.0568 for Cutometer R2 (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001, respectively). Only one participant reported transient mild dryness, and no serious adverse events were observed. In conclusion, the fixed combination of 0.1% adenosine and 5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate was associated with short-term improvements in objective skin measurements and was generally well tolerated in this small sample. These findings support further investigation of the formulation but do not establish long-term effectiveness or ingredient-specific effects.

GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE SUCCESS IN STEEL TRADING ENTERPRISES IN THAILAND

Fri, 23 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Steel trading enterprises provide an important link between steel producers and users in the construction and industrial sectors. Their long-term success depends on how effectively they respond to fluctuations in prices and demand while maintaining product quality, reliable delivery, and financial stability. This study aims to propose guidelines for developing sustainable success in steel trading enterprises in Thailand. It adopts a qualitative approach, drawing on in-depth interviews with 15 key informants selected through purposive sampling. The informants comprise five executives of steel trading and importing enterprises, five government or state enterprise officials at the professional level or above with expertise in the steel industry, and five stakeholders involved with steel trading and importing enterprises. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide and analyzed through content analysis and inductive interpretation. The findings suggest that sustainable success is closely related to the ability to manage costs, inventory, and working capital alongside product quality, reliable delivery, and stakeholder relationships. Within this context, entrepreneurial capabilities shape strategic direction, decisions based on data, resource allocation, and the development of business networks. Supply chain management, in turn, connects procurement, storage, distribution, and transportation with operational efficiency and service quality. Sustainability-based organizational management is reflected in the efficient use of resources, employee care, safety, and transparency. However, informants differ in how they perceive the role of government policy and their readiness to adopt sustainability practices. The proposed guidelines therefore connect development at the policy, organizational, and collaborative levels. They emphasize clear and consistent policies, stronger information systems and employee skills, the integration of supply chain management with financial discipline, and the incorporation of sustainability principles into everyday operations. Progress should be monitored through financial, customer, internal process, and learning and growth perspectives, with implementation adapted to the resources and market context of each enterprise.

PERSONNEL PARTICIPATION IN OPERATIONS AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT

Fri, 23 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to examine the concept of personnel participation in organizational operations and analyze its importance for public organization development. The article synthesizes relevant concepts, theories, and findings from a study on personnel participation in the operations of the Revenue Office Region 3. Personnel participation can be considered in four dimensions: participation in decision-making, participation in implementation, participation in benefits, and participation in evaluation. The synthesis indicates that participation is an important mechanism enabling personnel to engage in identifying problems and determining operational approaches, implementing activities, receiving benefits from organizational activities, and monitoring and evaluating organizational performance. Such participation can contribute to personnel responsibility and a sense of belonging to the organization. Findings from the Revenue Office Region 3 showed that the overall level of personnel participation was moderate. Participation in implementation was the highest, followed by participation in benefits, decision-making, and evaluation, respectively. These findings suggest that public organizations should establish mechanisms that extend personnel participation beyond assigned operational duties, particularly by strengthening participation in decision-making and evaluation, in order to promote systematic participation throughout the organizational management process.

GUIDELINES FOR ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATION TO DEVELOP TEACHERS’ LEARNING MEDIA AND EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN SCHOOL

Apiwat BOONJARAT, Ganratchakan LERTAMORNSAK — Fri, 23 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The study aimed to examine the level of academic administration, investigate the relationship between academic administration and teachers’ effectiveness in developing learning media and educational technology, and identify the components of academic administration that could predict teacher effectiveness in School. And proportionate stratified random sampling was conducted based on schools. The research instrument was a rating-scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.The findings, as reported in the research report, indicated that overall academic administration was at the highest level. Teachers’ effectiveness in developing educational media and technology was rated at levels ranging from high to highest, depending on the section of the report. The two variables had a strong positive correlation, statistically significant at the .01 level. The dimensions of learning development and promotion and the use of educational media and technology were identified as being associated with the prediction of teacher effectiveness. The predictor variables explained 42.00% of the variance in teacher effectiveness. These findings highlight the importance of continuous teacher development, adequate resource support, and systematic academic administration that facilitates the development and use of learning media in alignment with the curriculum and learners’ needs.

DIGITAL LEADERSHIP AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY COMPETENCY AMONG EDUCATIONAL PERSONNEL

Pornrat SAENSRIKAEW, Thada SITHTHADA — Fri, 23 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Rapid technological change over the past decade has compelled schools and educational agencies to adapt their teaching methods and management practices to a shifting context. This academic article aims to present the concept, components, and role of digital leadership in developing the digital technology competency of educational personnel, drawing on and synthesising the work of Thai and international scholars. The synthesis indicates that digital leadership refers to an administrator's capacity to articulate a digital vision, cultivate an innovation-receptive organizational culture, and drive institutional change through the strategic use of digital technology as a key instrument. Its core components include having a clear digital vision, communication and network building, fostering a culture of innovation, and continuous capacity building for staff. Administrators with a high level of digital leadership tend to promote the development of teachers' and staff's digital competency across several dimensions, including foundational information technology knowledge, the ability to design technology-enhanced instruction, and media and information literacy. Nevertheless, Thai education continues to face several challenges, such as infrastructure inequality, resistance to change among some personnel, and the absence of a systematic, continuous staff-development plan. This article therefore proposes strategies for strengthening digital leadership, namely developing administrators' digital competency alongside their change-leadership capacity, establishing technology-based professional learning communities, and formulating clear, supportive policy at every level. The conclusions offer practical guidance for school administrators and related agencies in planning digital leadership development to raise the digital competency of educational personnel in keeping with twenty-first-century change.