Procedia of Multidisciplinary Research

FACTORS INFLUENCING E-LEARNING BEHAVIOR AMONG HUMAN RESOURCES PERSONNEL: A CASE STUDY OF KASIKORN BANK

Surawit PRONWARUNRUKSA — 2025-12-01

This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing e-learning behavior among Human Resources (HR) personnel at Kasikornbank. The sample consisted of 142 HR employees, selected through simple random sampling based on Yamane’s formula. The research instrument was a Likert-scale questionnaire that had been validated for content accuracy and demonstrated acceptable reliability with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.782. The findings revealed that Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), Attitude toward E-Learning (ATT), and Organizational Support (OS) were all positively and significantly correlated with e-learning behavior at the .01 level. Among these variables, ATT showed the strongest correlation (r = .695), indicating that learners’ attitudes serve as a key driver of e-learning engagement among HR personnel. The results suggest that organizations should foster a supportive learning environment, enhance user experience, and establish systematic support policies to strengthen employee participation in e-learning initiatives.

DESIGNING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-ENHANCED GAME-BASED LEARNING ENVIRONMENT TO FOSTERING COMPUTATIONAL THINKING FOR GRADE 11 STUDENTS: PHASE 1-THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND FRAMEWORK DESIGN

Pongsakon HENGSAWAT — 2025-12-02

This study aims to design a conceptual framework for the development of an Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Game-Based Learning Environment to Fostering Computational Thinking for Grade 11 Students. As Phase 1 of a product-oriented developmental research project, the study focuses on theoretical analysis and the synthesis of a comprehensive design framework. The framework is grounded in constructivist learning theory, cognitive load theory, principles of game-based learning, and core components of computational thinking, alongside the application of artificial intelligence technologies such as Natural Language Processing and Generative AI. The Phase 1 results yielded a theoretically informed framework consisting of six core components: problem scenarios, learning resources, collaborative learning, a computational thinking hub, support systems, and an AI coaching system. These components collectively provide a systematic foundation for designing adaptive, personalized, and engaging learning experiences. The completed framework serves as a guideline for developing and evaluating a functional prototype in subsequent research phases.

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCERS ON THAI CONSUMERS' PURCHASE INTENTIONS TOWARD FACIAL SKINCARE PRODUCTS

Anyavee ARUNAKKHARAKIAT — 2025-12-02

This study aimed to investigate the purchase intention toward facial skincare products among Thai consumers aged 18-60 years, focusing on the influence of influencer characteristics based on the TEARS Model, which includes trustworthiness, expertise, attractiveness, respect, and similarity to followers. A quantitative research design was employed, using a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. Data were collected from 400 consumers, of which 385 responses were valid for analysis. Descriptive statistics—frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation—were used to describe the data, while multiple regression analysis was applied to examine the relationship between influencer characteristics and purchase intention. The findings revealed that three influencer characteristics—(1) trustworthiness, (2) expertise, and (3) similarity to followers—had a statistically significant positive effect on purchase intention at the 0.05 level. These variables together explained 52 percent of the variance in purchase intention. Among them, similarity to followers was identified as the most influential factor.

AN ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT OF BOOKING PROCESS IN EXPORT OPERATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF A FREIGHT FORWARDING AGENT

Sineenat PHUKRONGJIT — 2025-12-02

This study aimed to analyze and improve the operational process of the outbound cargo booking department in a maritime freight forwarding company by applying Lean Management principles and the ECRS (Eliminate, Combine, Rearrange, Simplify) technique to eliminate waste, reduce processing time, and enhance overall workflow efficiency. This applied research utilized both qualitative and quantitative data collected through observation, interviews, and time-motion studies of employees’ actual work activities. The collected data were analyzed using Lean tools, including the fishbone diagram, process flow chart, and value stream mapping, to identify delays and non-value-added activities. The findings revealed that improving the workflow through the application of the ECRS principles (Eliminate, Combine, Rearrange, Simplify) significantly enhanced the overall operational efficiency. A comparison of pre- and post-improvement processes showed that the number of workflow steps was reduced from 57 to 52, representing a decrease of 8.77 percent. The total average processing time was reduced from 745.45 minutes to 614.65 minutes, equivalent to a 17.54 percent decrease, indicating that the workflow became more streamlined and efficient after the improvement. Notably, the closing and cost-submission process achieved the greatest time reduction at 27.72 percent, followed by the outbound customs clearance process, which decreased by 22.19 percent. Additionally, the cargo space booking and document verification process, as well as the document delivery process to customers, reduced processing time by 13.66 percent and 12.19 percent, respectively.

WILLINGNESS TO PAY AN ENTRANCE FEE FOR CHAO SAM PHRAYA NATIONAL MUSEUM

Pongchanok KOJARANONT — 2025-12-02

The objective of this research is to assess the willingness to pay an entrance fee for Chao Sam Phraya National Museum of Thai tourists. The sample size is 514 Thai tourists (Age is more than or equal to 18 years old). Close-ended CVM questionnaire are used to collect the data and the Tobit model is used to analyze their willingness to pay with maximum likelihood estimation as well as other influencing factors from the sample. By using accidental random sampling, the results of the study revealed that: 1) factors influencing their willingness to pay were age, occupation, income, distance between museum and tourists’ residence, and frequency of visitation. 2) Thai tourists who visited Chao Sam Phraya National Museum have willingness to pay 48.28 Baht/ person. 3) The average level of satisfaction is 4.53 out of 5, which is in the “very satisfaction” level. Tourists mention that museum facilities should be improved to impress tourists. The information from this study can be used assess the value of developing the Chao Sam Phraya National Museum by the government or related businesses.

NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR DEVELOPING PSYCHOLOGICAL OWNERSHIP AMONG EMPLOYEES OF A SHOPPING CENTER IN PHRA NAKHON SI AYUTTHAYA

Attakorn THANYALAKMETHA — 2025-12-02

This research aimed to study the necessary components for developing Psychological Ownership (PO) among employees of a shopping center in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya and to analyze the causes influencing their need for PO development. A quantitative survey methodology was employed with 71 employees. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNIModified), and Multiple Regression Analysis. The priority needs analysis indicated that the most urgent component for development was Self-efficacy, followed by Self-identity and Belongingness. The analysis of causes, utilizing variables from the Job Characteristics Model and PO antecedents, revealed that Feedback and Skill Variety were significant factors affecting various dimensions. Feedback negatively impacted Self-efficacy (p =.018) but positively impacted Self-identity (p =.003) and Belongingness (p <.01). Meanwhile, Skill Variety positively influenced Self-identity (p =.019) and Belongingness (p <.05). In conclusion, the quality and continuity of feedback, as part of job characteristics, serve as a critical mechanism for fostering PO. Organizations should, therefore, prioritize designing the feedback system alongside promoting skill variety in the workplace.

THE STUDY OF HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) FUNCTION TO REMOVE CHOLESTEROL FROM CELLS VIA ABCA1 RECEPTORS BY CELL CULTURE METHOD

Pimploy KANITSAP — 2025-12-02

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major health concern in Thailand with a steadily increasing incidence. The primary pathological mechanism underlying CVD is atherosclerosis, characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol within the arterial wall. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) plays an important role in removing excess cholesterol from vascular tissues by high-density lipoprotein (HDL). High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels are currently measured in the bloodstream. Conventionally, CVD risk predictions have relied on HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. However, previous studies indicate that HDL-C concentration does not fully reflect the functional capacity of HDL in promoting cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells. Therefore, assessment of CEC may provide more accurate insight into atherosclerotic risk than HDL-C levels alone. This study aimed to evaluate ABCA1-mediated CEC by cell-based assay and examine its relationship with conventional lipid parameters. Blood samples were obtained from healthy volunteers (n = 16) and diabetic patients (n = 19). Comparison of CEC between groups using an unpaired t-test revealed no statistically significant difference observed (t = 1.025, df = 33, p = 0.3128). This study highlights the functional role of HDL in promoting cholesterol efflux from cells. However, further research is required to clarify the relationship between CEC values and other clinical markers to support more comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment in the Thai population.

FACILE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Fe3O4 AND Fe3O4@SiO2 NANOPARTICLES

Napasorn THINRAYA — 2025-12-02

This study aimed to synthesize silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂) via a simple hydrothermal process and investigate their structural and magnetic properties. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were prepared by reducing Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O with NaBH₄ under alkaline conditions (pH 9) at 160 °C for 24 h. The surface of Fe₃O₄ was subsequently coated with silica using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor through hydrolysis and condensation reactions, resulting in a silica content of approximately 38 wt%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that Fe₃O₄ possessed a well-defined inverse spinel structure, while the silica coating did not alter its crystal phase. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed the presence of Si-O-Si and Si-OH stretching vibrations, confirming the formation of an amorphous silica shell and increased surface hydrophilicity after coating. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) measurements at room temperature indicated that both Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanoparticles exhibited superparamagnetic behavior. The saturation magnetization (M_s) decreased from 70.14 emu/g for Fe₃O₄ to 34.23 emu/g after silica coating, attributed to the non-magnetic mass contribution and spin disorder at the surface. These results demonstrate that the simple hydrothermal synthesis route effectively produces The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles possessed high crystallinity, and the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ composites retained the core's crystallinity while demonstrating an amorphous silica shell, both of which have good stability and good magnetic properties, making them suitable for various applications and efficient.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED RESPONSE-BASED CONSULTATION SYSTEM FOR SALES SUPPORT

Weerawong BOONYING — 2025-12-02

Business operations today are increasingly complex and competitive, particularly in the areas of information services and customer responsiveness. Artificial intelligence and chatbot technologies have been introduced to enhance communication efficiency and sales support, serving as key approaches to improving service quality and organizational credibility. This research aims to develop a sales support and consultation system using automated response technology for the lightning protection equipment business. The objective is to improve the efficiency of information delivery, consultation, and customer service in products that are specialized and technically complex. The research process includes designing and developing a prototype system, testing it with the target group, and evaluating its performance and user satisfaction. The findings reveal that the automated response system achieved a high accuracy rate of 97% in answering user inquiries. Moreover, most sales personnel expressed strong satisfaction and highly positive attitudes toward adopting the system. The results indicate that automated response technology can be effectively applied to the lightning protection equipment business and has potential for further adaptation in other SME sectors that require technical consultation and sales support systems in the future.

PRELIMINARY FINDINGS ON SUBSTANCE USE AMONG MYANMAR MIGRANT WORKERS IN HAT YAI DISTRICT, SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND

Khin Oo MON — 2025-12-02

Substance use is a serious public health issue affecting millions of people worldwide, including migrants. However, there is limited data on substance use behaviors among Myanmar migrants in Thailand, particularly after the 2022 changes in cannabis and kratom use policy. Findings from such studies can provide useful basic information to stakeholders. This study aims to describe the prevalence of substance use among Myanmar migrant workers in Songkhla Province, southern Thailand. This paper presents preliminary findings from an ongoing cross-sectional study examining the prevalence of mental and behavioral health outcomes among Myanmar Migrants in Southern Thailand. In this study, we collected data by asking migrant factory workers aged 18 years and older who were literate in Myanmar language to complete a self-administered questionnaire. At the time of writing, approximately 10% of data collection (n=64) had been completed. Our questionnaire included items pertaining to alcohol, tobacco, e-cigarette, kratom, and cannabis use. Exploratory results showed that most participants were male, with a mean age of 32 years, with middle school education or less. Commonly used substances among male participants included alcohol (38.8%), kratom (36.8%), and tobacco (16.7%). None of the female participants reported using any substance except alcohol. The finding that alcohol use was more common than smoking is consistent with previous studies, and relatively high kratom use may be explained by its cultural association of kratom in Southern Thailand. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size and preliminary nature of the data. As the survey was conducted among only factory workers in Southern Thailand, the lack of generalizability should also be considered in the interpretation of the study findings.

OCCUPATIONAL RISK FACTORS FOR TUBERCULOSIS AMONG MYANMAR MIGRANT WORKERS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND

Nyan Lin HTET — 2025-12-02

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health burden, disproportionately affecting migrant populations. Myanmar migrant factory workers in Southern Thailand may be at elevated occupational risk due to crowded and poorly-ventilated environments. This study aims to describe the socio-demographic characteristics and occupational risk factors for TB among Myanmar migrant factory workers in Songkhla Province, Thailand. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 330 Myanmar migrant workers in six factories. We collected data using a structured self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics and occupational risk factors. We then entered data using KoboToolbox and analyzed data using descriptive statistics. Most participants were female, Bamar, and Buddhist, with a mean age of 31.2 years. Regarding occupational conditions, 63.0% of the participants reported that their main work area had good airflow. Nearly 24.2% experienced visible dust daily, and 59.7% worked in crowded spaces. Most participants (88.2%) were unaware of any co-workers with TB in the past year. Our study findings provide baseline evidence to inform the design of targeted occupational health interventions and TB prevention strategies in factory settings.

INFLUENCE OF DONOR AGE ON OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION AND CELL SHEET FORMATION IN BONE MARROW-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

Chanyakorn PHUMPHOOTHONG — 2025-12-02

This study aimed to compare the in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential and cell sheet-forming capacity of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) isolated from 4-week-old (wk-old) and 14-wk-old Wistar rats. rBMSCs were obtained from tibias and femurs and characterized by flow cytometry. Osteogenic differentiation potential was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red staining. rBMSCs from both groups were cultured on temperature-responsive plates to develop cell sheets. Sheet structure and detachment were assessed. Over 95% of adherent rBMSCs were positive for CD29, CD44, and CD90, and negative for CD45. rBMSCs from 4-wk-old rats exhibited significantly higher osteogenic differentiation potential, as indicated by increased ALP activity (P < 0.05) and mineralized nodules formation, whereas rBMSCs from 14-wk-old rats showed no mineralization. In contrast, only 14-wk-old rBMSCs successfully formed intact and detachable cell sheets, while 4-wk-old rBMSCs did not form cohesive sheets. In conclusion, donor age significantly influences rBMSC behavior. 4-wk-old rBMSCs exhibit enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential, whereas 14-wk-old rBMSCs demonstrate superior cell sheet formation efficacy. Further studies are needed to optimize sheet formation of younger donors.

A MODEL FOR DEVELOPING DIGITAL LEADERSHIP OF TEACHER IN SOCIAL 5.0 OF SECONDARY SCHOOL IN THE NORTHEASTERN REGION

Wilawan CHANTOWAT — 2025-12-02

The purposes of this research were to: 1) examine the components and needs of teachers’ digital leadership in Society 5.0; 2) design and develop a digital leadership model for teachers in Society 5.0; and 3) study the effectiveness of the model in enhancing the digital leadership competencies of secondary school teachers in the northeastern region. This research and development (R&D) study was conducted in three phases: Phase I focused on investigating leadership components and essential needs; Phase II involved model design and development; and Phase III emphasized model evaluation, application, and effectiveness. Research instruments included interviews, a questionnaire on teachers’ digital leadership in Society 5.0, and an assessment form. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that the current overall condition of teachers’ digital leadership was at a high level, while the desired condition was at the highest level. The prioritized components of need, from highest to lowest, were: digital adaptability, digital literacy and skills, innovative digital learning management, digital vision, learner development for Society 5.0, and digital ethics and responsibility. The developed model for enhancing teachers’ digital leadership in Society 5.0 consisted of five elements: principles, objectives, development content, development process, and measurement and evaluation. The effectiveness study showed that through authentic practice and after-action review, teachers’ digital leadership demonstrated continuous improvement. The seventh evaluation indicated an excellent level of performance, with a progress rate of 66.12%.

DEVELOPMENT OF ORAL HEALTH CARE FOR PHYSICALLY DISABLED PEOPLE IN PHUKRADUENG DISTRICT, LOEI PROVINCE

Neeracha SRICHANTA — 2025-12-02

This study is an action research to study and develop oral health care for the disabled in Phukradueng Municipality, Phukradueng District, Loei Province. The study area consists of 3 communities under the responsibility of the primary care unit, Phukradueng Hospital and Phukradueng Subdistrict Municipality. The data collection was conducted using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, through interviews and focus group discussions. The research participants were 6 disabled people, 6 caregivers of the disabled, and 15 action leaders. The research instruments used were a general information questionnaire, an in-depth interview form, an environmental observation form, a focus group discussion guideline and a voice recorder. The research results revealed that: 1) Regarding the oral health care situation of people with mobility disabilities, all people with disabilities had not received dental services within the past year. Obstacles included lack of waiting time and inconvenience. People with disabilities and their caregivers had expectations for promotion and support of oral health care, particularly observing the physical environment for people with disabilities. 2) The project was implemented in three phases: planning, implementation, and reflection. Training was provided to village health volunteers, people with disabilities, and their caregivers, as well as building a collaborative network with relevant agencies. The results showed that participants had increased knowledge, were able to better care for their oral health, and were able to transfer this knowledge to people with disabilities in their communities. 3) A satisfaction assessment of 15 project participants revealed that the overall satisfaction was “very satisfied” (mean = 3.89, S.D. = 0.60), particularly in the area of building relationships within the core group (mean = 4.13, S.D. = 0.64). All project participants expressed their desire for this type of project to continue in the future.

COMPLETE DENTURES FABRICATED BY 3D PRINTING WITH ZERO PRESSURE IMPRESSION TECHNIQUE AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS IN COLLABORATION WITH THE ROYAL MOBILE DENTAL UNIT IN PHANGNGA PROVINCE: A COMPARISON OF PATIENT SATISFACTION

Phatootip HENPRASERT — 2025-12-02

Objective: To compare patient satisfaction between conventional complete dentures (CD) and three-dimensionally printed digital complete dentures (DD) delivered under the Royal Denture Project mobile outreach service in Phang Nga Province. Methods: This prospective analytical study included 25 edentulous participants (CD = 15, DD = 10). The CD group received conventional mucocompressive impressions with alginate and stone casts. The DD group was treated using a zero-pressure impression technique combining intraoral scanning and cast digitization to capture the mucosa in a non-distorted functional-rest state. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) at three time points: immediately after insertion and the first meal, after 24 hours, and after one and a half months of use. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test at α = 0.05. Results: Overall VAS satisfaction did not differ significantly between the CD and DD groups at any follow-up (all p > 0.05). Both groups showed progressive improvement in comfort and functional performance. Conclusion: In a mobile denture outreach setting, 3D-printed dentures produced using a zero-pressure impression pathway provided patient satisfaction comparable to conventionally fabricated dentures. These findings support the feasibility of adopting digital workflows and 3D printing technology in large-scale denture delivery services.

EXTENDING THE SERVPERF FRAMEWORK TO AI-ENABLED AIRLINE SERVICES: THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TANGIBILITY IN PASSENGER SATISFACTION

Tarittawan CHAREANPORN — 2025-12-02

This study aims to investigate how passenger evaluations of AI-enabled airline services impact their overall satisfaction, utilizing an adapted SERVPERF framework in the AI context. The study focuses on Thai adults who have used at least one AI-enabled service in Thailand within the past 12 months, resulting in a final sample of 326 respondents. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess six service quality dimensions: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy, and Security. The findings revealed that the six dimensions jointly explain 53.9% of the variance in customer satisfaction (R² = 0.539), and the overall model was statistically significant (p < 0.001). However, only Tangibles (β = 0.628, p < 0.001) was found to have a significant positive influence on satisfaction. The other five dimensions were not statistically significant. Theoretically, this study extends service quality literature by proposing the Re-conceptualization of Tangibles into Digital Tangibility (such as User Experience: UX, or User Interface: UI), identifying it as the primary satisfaction driver for digital-native users. Managerially, the findings guide airlines to prioritize investment in the Digital Tangibility and user interface of AI-enabled features, as the perceived visual and interactive quality most strongly drives passenger satisfaction.

SERVICE QUALITY AND ONBOARD EXPERIENCE AS DRIVER OF PASSENGER TRUST SATISFACTION AND BRAND LOVE EVIDENCE FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA’S FULL-SERVICE AIRLINES

Tarittawan CHAREANPORN — 2025-12-02

This study investigates how service quality and onboard experience shape customer loyalty toward full-service airlines (FSCs) in Southeast Asia, emphasizing the emotional dimension of loyalty development, particularly the formation of brand love. Guided by an interpretivist-constructivist approach, data were collected from 16 semi-structured passenger interviews, supported by observation and document analysis. The analysis shows that five service quality dimensions, reliability, tangibles, assurance, responsiveness, and empathy, are key to building customer loyalty. This loyalty develops in stages, starting with trust, moving to satisfaction, and finally evolving into Brand Love. The findings show that reliability and assurance establish trust, tangibles and responsiveness drive satisfaction, and empathy fosters emotional attachment, emerging as the key determinant of long-term loyalty. These insights provide practical guidance for FSCs in enhancing crew empathy, service personalization, and passenger experience design to strengthen relational loyalty.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFOGRAPHIC VIDEO MEDIA ON CYBERCRIME FOR PROMOTING AWARENESS OF ONLINE SECURITY

Chutimon YUDANG — 2025-12-02

In the digital era where information technology plays an increasingly significant role, cybercrime has become a critical threat that affects individuals, organizations, and society as a whole. Enhancing knowledge, understanding, and awareness of such threats is therefore essential. This research aimed to: 1) design and develop a video infographic to disseminate knowledge about cybercrime, 2) evaluate the quality of the video infographic in terms of knowledge management, and 3) study the satisfaction of the target group toward the developed media. The sample consisted of 39 voluntary participants, including instructors and students, selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included: 1) pre-test and post-test to measure learning achievement, 2) the developed video infographic, and 3) a media quality assessment form and a satisfaction questionnaire, using a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The results showed that students’ learning achievement significantly increased at the 0.05 level. The satisfaction results indicated that the content aspect was rated at a high level ("X" ̅ = 4.47, S.D. = 0.55), the language used was at a high level ("X" ̅ = 4.42, S.D. = 0.51), visual illustrations were rated at the highest level ("X" ̅ = 4.49, S.D. = 0.50), and the audio component was also rated at the highest level ("X" ̅ = 4.52, S.D. = 0.51). The overall satisfaction was at the highest level ("X" ̅ = 4.49, S.D. = 0.50). Therefore, the developed video infographic on cybercrime awareness can be effectively applied in practice to promote online safety awareness.

IDENTIFICATION OF SB216763 AS A PROMISING TARGETED THERAPY FOR POOR-PROGNOSIS CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA PATIENTS

Pensurad UIPANIT — 2025-12-02

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy arising from the bile ducts. Its incidence is the highest and represents a major public health burden in Thailand. CCA patients generally exhibit poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and the lack of effective therapeutic options. Our previous bioinformatic analysis stratified CCA patients into two groups with distinct survival outcomes and classified CCA cell lines into two groups representing the distinct patient groups. To identify a promising therapeutic strategy for CCA patients, particularly those with poor prognosis, we integrated bioinformatic and experimental approaches. In this study, SB216763, a GSK3β inhibitor, was identified as a promising targeted therapeutic candidate for CCA patients with poorer prognosis. RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses revealed that GSK3β was upregulated in RMCCA-1 cells, representing CCA with poor-prognosis group, compared to CCLP-1 cells, representing CCA with better-prognosis group. SB216763 treatment activated β-catenin, confirming GSK3β inhibition. MTT assays demonstrated that RMCCA-1 cells were more sensitive to SB216763 treatment than CCLP-1 cells. Microscopic observations also supported this differential response. Collectively, our study highlights GSK3β inhibition by SB216763 as a potential precision medicine strategy for CCA patients with poor prognosis, underscoring the importance of patient group stratification in guiding personalized therapeutic approaches.

MECHANICAL TESTING OF CUSTOMIZED AND COMMERCIAL TITANIUM CHIN PLATE DURING SIMULATION OF 8-MILLIMETER ADVANCEMENT GENIOPLASTY USING THE SYNTHETIC MANDIBULAR MODEL

Ratthaya RAKSASAKUL — 2025-12-02

The objective of this research is to compare the ability of a customized titanium chin plate and a commercial titanium chin plate to accommodate forces simulating the action of the suprahyoid muscle during stimulated advancement genioplasty. Additionally, this study aims to compare the performance of two different designs of customized titanium chin plates (4-hole and 5-hole) in accommodating forces during stimulated advancement genioplasty, using a universal testing machine. The results of the study indicated that: 1) the maximum force that different plate and screw systems can withstand before failure was significantly higher in the customized chin plate group. 2) There was no significant difference in the ability to withstand tensile loads between the 4-hole and 5-hole customized titanium chin plates.

ANALYSIS OF OPTIMAL RAW MATERIAL INVENTORY ORDER QUANTITY: A CASE STUDY OF A WATCH MANUFACTURING

Darika BUNRIN — 2025-12-02

This research aims to select an appropriate forecasting technique for customer order demand and to analyze the optimal raw material ordering quantity for a watch manufacturing factory. Three forecasting methods were applied: 1) Moving Average Method (2-6 months), 2) Exponential Smoothing, and 3) Winters’ Multiplicative Method. The forecasted demand was used to determine the raw material ordering quantity that aligns with customer requirements. Results indicate that the 5-period Moving Average Method is the most suitable technique, producing the lowest forecasting error. Products were selected using ABC Analysis, and the product with the highest demand, item F01, was chosen. Its main raw material, RM01, which has the highest consumption and longest lead time, was analyzed using the Fixed Order Period (FOP) system. The analysis revealed a Target Stock Level of 7,406.55 kg and a Safety Stock of 411.87 kg. Comparing the total inventory management cost between the current and proposed methods, the new approach can reduce costs by 77,859.93 Baht per year, equivalent to a 12.08% reduction.

THE INFLUENCE OF ATTITUDES TOWARD PETS, RELIGIOUS BELIEFS, AND RITUALS ON THE INTENTION TO UTILIZE PET FUNERAL SERVICES

Solos MAHACHOKLERTWATTANA — 2025-12-02

This study aims to examine the factors influencing the intention to use pet funeral services among residents in Bangkok and its metropolitan area, focusing on attitudes toward pets, religious beliefs, and ritual practices. The research is conducted within the context of a modern society in which pets have been elevated from property to family members. Data were collected through an online questionnaire from 400 dog and cat owners. The findings revealed that respondents had a highly positive attitude toward pets, perceiving them as valuable family members who deserve proper care and attention. Their attitudes toward religious beliefs and ritual practices were also at a high level. Statistical analysis indicated that both attitudes toward pets (β = 0.672) and religious beliefs (β = 0.506) had a significant positive influence on the intention to use pet funeral services, whereas beliefs about ritual practices showed no significant effect. Regarding willingness to pay, approximately one-third of respondents were unwilling to pay for pet funeral services. Among those willing to pay, most set a budget not exceeding 1,500 Thai Baht, with expenses mainly focused on religious offerings and commemorative items rather than aesthetic decorations. The study provides insights into consumer behavior and can guide the development of pet-related businesses and policies, particularly by designing services that address the emotional connection, love, and psychological value that pet owners attribute to their pets as genuine members of the family.

APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING AND THE GEOPOLITICAL RISK INDEX IN FORECASTING THE VOLATILITY OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY FUTURES PRICES

Jettanut RODPRASERT — 2025-12-02

This study examines the influence of the Geopolitical Risk Index (GPR) on agricultural futures price volatility and compares the forecasting accuracy of statistical and machine learning models. Monthly data on corn and soybean futures prices were collected from the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), Brasil Bolsa Balcão (B3), and Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) from June 2015 to May 2025. The models evaluated include SARIMAX, GARCHX, and LSTM neural networks. Exogenous variables incorporated are GPR, Geopolitical Threats (GPRT), Geopolitical Acts (GPRA), Country-Specific GPR (GPRC), and trading volume. Model performance is assessed using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Results indicate that LSTM models with exogenous variables are most effective at forecasting agricultural futures price volatility. For corn futures, LSTM (lookback = 12) provides the most accurate forecasts. The most effective exogenous variable is GPRC BRAZIL for CME, GPRC USA for B3, and GPRC RUSSIA for DCE. For soybean futures, LSTM (lookback = 6) exhibits the highest accuracy, with GPRA performing best for B3 and GPRC BRAZIL for DCE. Overall, the results demonstrate that integrating geopolitical factors with machine learning techniques effectively improves forecast accuracy of agricultural futures price volatility. This approach can be applied to risk management and hedging strategies in agricultural futures markets.

A GUIDELINE FOR USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT FOR VISION IMPAIRMENT PEOPLE: CASE STUDY OF BANGKOK SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND

Chavis SILAWANNA — 2025-12-02

Information technology has come to play a crucial role in education, especially for individuals with visual impairments. This research aims to study guidelines for applying information technology to support the education of visually impaired people for maximum effectiveness. A qualitative research approach was employed, conducting in-depth interviews with a sample group consisting of 8 teachers and 12 visually impaired students from the Bangkok School for the Blind. The findings indicate that while information technology, such as computers and smartphones, serves as a fundamental tool for accessing information and communication, significant obstacles remain. These include outdated hardware and software, particularly the lack of continuous development for Thai-language screen reader programs, and the high cost of assistive technologies. Nevertheless, information technology directly contributes to enhancing educational achievement and expanding career opportunities. Recommendations from this research focus on governmental support for developing Thai-language software, promoting favorable pricing policies, and advancing in-depth digital skills for both teachers and students to foster equality and sustainably improve the quality of life for people with visual impairments.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RETURNS OF DOMESTIC INDEX-BASED EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS (ETFS) LISTED ON THE STOCK EXCHANGE OF THAILAND

Kasan PRADID — 2025-12-02

This research aims to investigate the factors affecting the returns of domestic index-based Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand. The study analyzes six equity ETFs with a fund age of at least five years, using monthly secondary data from 2020 to 2024. Ten independent variables were examined, namely Sharpe Ratio, Tracking Error, Total Expense Ratio (TER), Bid-Ask Spread, Trading Volume, Turnover Ratio, Assets Under Management (AUM), Fund Flow, % Premium/Discount, and Fund Age. The results show that five variables have a statistically significant impact on ETF returns: Sharpe Ratio, TER, AUM, % Premium/Discount, and Fund Age. Specifically, Sharpe Ratio and AUM have positive relationships with returns, while TER, % Premium/Discount, and Fund Age are negatively associated. These findings are consistent with the Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), and the Liquidity-Size Hypothesis. The results underscore the importance of performance efficiency, cost structure, fund characteristics, and market behavior in determining ETF performance, providing valuable insights for investors and fund managers in making informed investment decisions.

ADMINISTRATIVE APPROACHES FOR ENHANCING QUALITY SCHOOLS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS UNDER THE NAKHON PATHOM PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA

Bangon KANCHAN — 2025-12-02

The objectives of this research are 1) to study the current conditions; The desirable conditions and necessary needs of the administration to upgrade to a quality school affiliated to the Nakhon Pathom Primary Education Area Office. The sample was 98 administrators by random stratification, 3 informants were qualified and selected specifically, 2) Create a management model to upgrade to a quality school affiliated to the Nakhon Pathom Primary Education Area Office. The group of informants in the discussion group was qualified and the group of informants in the assessment of suitability as administrators. The tools used were the Current Condition questionnaire with a confidence value of 0.87 and the Desirable Condition questionnaire with a confidence value of 0.90. Group discussion issues, suitability questionnaires. The statistics used were percentage, mean, standard deviation, and essential demand values. The results showed that 1) the overall current condition was moderate. 2) The management model to upgrade to a quality school affiliated to the Nakhon Pathom Primary Education Area Office consists of 5 aspects: principles and objectives, methods of implementation, mechanisms, evaluation guidelines, and success conditions.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ECONOMETRIC AND DEEP LEARNING MODELS FOR FORECASTING EXCHANGE-TRADE FUND PRICES IN THAI MARKET

Witchayut LIKHITRATTANAKON — 2025-12-02

This study evaluates and compares the short-term forecasting performance of ten Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) in the Thai market using a comprehensive suite of econometric and deep learning models. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) served as the primary performance metric. The results indicate that the Univariate LSTM model consistently outperformed all competing specifications in terms of predictive accuracy across nearly the entire ETF sample. In particular, the Univariate LSTM with a 30-day lookback window, relying solely on each ETF’s own recent real prices proved to be the most effective and parsimonious forecasting structure. Beyond forecasting, the study integrates the superior model outputs into a portfolio allocation and hedging framework, yielding valuable practical insights. The optimal portfolio was concentrated in CHINA and DIV, reflecting their high risk-adjusted returns driven by strong predicted performance and low correlation. This portfolio achieved an expected daily return of 0.218% with a daily volatility of 0.345%. The subsequent hedging analysis employed ABFTH as the primary hedging instrument, demonstrating the highest Hedging Effectiveness (HE) for BMSCITH (28.1%), while CHINA and UBOT exhibited the lowest HE values. These findings highlight the potential of LSTM-based ETF forecasts for enhancing portfolio optimization and hedging strategies within the Thai market.