Procedia of Multidisciplinary Research

EVALUATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF REPEATED SURGICAL FISSURE CARBIDE BUR

2026-03-19T12:32:18+07:00

In this paper, impacted tooth are mostly found in human, especially the mandibular third molars. Due to their inability to erupt, they often are surgical removed, and may necessitate the use surgical round and fissure carbide bur at the osteotomy site. In the clinical scenarios, these surgical burs are reused following sterilization. However, they may lose its cutting efficacy following each reuse. The objectives of the study were to compare the compressive strength and surface roughness of surgical fissure carbide bur after each of four successive reuses. For this study, 15 new carbide fissure surgical burs were utilized, each bur was used to make a longitudinal cut to molar teeth for 1 to 4 cutting and sterilization cycles, following each cycle the burs were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and, confocal laser microscopy, and their compressive strength were measurement. Statistical analysis was carried out with one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test with p-value 0.05 statistically significant. The results revealed the surface roughness of surgical carbide fissure burs altered statically significantly following their first usage as compared to the unused new burs. Although statically not significant, a large decrease in their compressive strength was note between the 2^nd and 3^rd reuse cycles. Statistically significant decrease in compressive strength of burs were noted at the 4^thcycle as compared to controls. Therefore, to maintain cutting efficiency and to prevent breakage, surgical carbide fissure burs should not be reused more than 2 times following sterilization.

Keywords: Surgical Carbide Bur, Repeated Sterilization, Surface Roughness

ACCEPTANCE AND ADOPTION OF GENERATIVE AI-CREATED CONTENT AMONG THAI JEWELRY ENTREPRENEURS

2026-03-19T12:35:52+07:00

The objectives of this research were to: 1) investigate the level of acceptance of Generative AI-created content among jewelry entrepreneurs in Thailand; 2) examine the factors influencing such acceptance; and 3) elucidate the relationship between trust in Generative AI and behavioral intention to use. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) served as the theoretical framework, augmented by the variable of perceived trust. The sample consisted of 15 entrepreneurs and marketing managers from the Thai jewelry sector, selected via purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank correlation. The results revealed that: 1) the overall acceptance of Generative AI-created content was at a high level; 2) Perceived Usefulness had a positive and statistically significant relationship with behavioral intention at the .01 level; and 3) Perceived Trust in Generative AI exhibited a positive and statistically significant relationship with behavioral intention at the .01 level, whereas Perceived Ease of Use was correlated with behavioral intention only in specific dimensions. These findings suggest that while technical ease is important, trust in the technology's output and its tangible benefits are the primary drivers of AI adoption in the high-value jewelry industry.

Keywords: Generative AI, Technology Acceptance, Behavioral Intention, Trust, Marketing Content

THE EFFECT OF A SELF-AFFIRMATION BASED TRAINING PROGRAM ON NURSING PROFESSIONAL SELF-EFFICACY AMONG NEWLY GRADUATED NURSES

2026-03-19T12:38:19+07:00

Newly graduated nurses often encounter transition shock and stress during their initial entry into professional practice. This quasi-experimental study employed a two-group pretest-posttest design with a one-month follow-up to examine the effects of a self-affirmation-based training program on nursing professional self-efficacy. Participants were 70 newly graduated nurses recruited through purposive sampling and assigned to an experimental group (n = 35) and a control group (n = 35). Research instruments included the Nursing Professional Self-Efficacy Scale (Cronbach’s alpha = .84) and a 6-week training program. Data were analyzed using a two-way mixed repeated measures ANOVA. The results revealed a significant interaction between time and group (F(1.82, 123.96) = 6.489, p = .003), with a medium-to-large effect size (Partial Eta Squared = .087). The experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in self-efficacy from pre-test (M = 81.02, SD = 11.58) to post-test (M = 90.41, SD = 9.72) and maintained improvement at the one-month follow-up (M = 87.55, SD = 12.11). In contrast, the control group showed no significant changes across the three time points. These findings demonstrate that the self-affirmation training program is effective for empowering new nurses beyond standard practice. Integrating self-affirmation strategies into hospital orientation programs is recommended to bolster early-career confidence and support a successful transition.

Keywords: Self-Affirmation, Nursing Professional Self-Efficacy, Training Program, Newly Graduated Nurses

CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF A NOVEL TECHNIQUE IN IMMEDIATE IMPLANT PLACEMENT IN MOLARS USING TOOTH PLANNED FOR EXTRACTION AS GUIDE

2026-03-19T12:41:36+07:00

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of a novel immediate implant placement technique in molar teeth using the extracted tooth as a guiding structure for osteotomy preparation, with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. Clinical parameters assessed included pain, suppuration, implant mobility, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, keratinized mucosa, marginal bone loss, and implant success. Angular deviations of implant placement were also analyzed and compared with freehand implant placement. A total of 11 implants placed between 2022 and 2025 were included in the analysis. During the follow-up period, no patients exhibited pain, suppuration, or implant mobility. The mean plaque index was 0.32 ± 0.43, and the mean bleeding on probing score was 0.73 ± 0.51. Probing depths £ 4 mm were observed in 36.36% of implants, whereas 63.64% exhibited probing depths greater than 4 mm. Adequate keratinized mucosa was present in 81.82% of implants, with no cases of gingival recession. Radiographic evaluation demonstrated marginal bone loss ranging from 0.12 to 1.79 mm mesially and from 0.03 to 1.98 mm distally. The implant success rate was 100%. Mean angular deviations were 4.73 ± 3.17 degrees in the mesiodistal direction and 3.36 ± 2.79 degrees in the buccolingual direction. Compared with freehand placement, a significant reduction in mesiodistal angular deviation was observed, while no significant difference was found in buccolingual deviation.

Keywords: Immediate Implant Placement, Success Rate, Angular Deviation

THE EFFECT OF HYDROXYAPATITE TOOTHPASTE ON MICROLEAKAGE OF CLASS II COMPOSITE RESIN RESTORATIONS IN PRIMARY MOLARS

2026-03-19T12:45:06+07:00

The study aimed to compare microleakage of Class II composite resin restorations in primary molars following the use of 1,500-ppm fluoride toothpaste and hydroxyapatite toothpaste. Class II cavities were prepared on the sound proximal surfaces of extracted primary molars and restored with composite resin. The specimens were subjected to thermocycling for 10,000 cycles and randomly assigned to two groups according to the type of toothpaste (n = 10 per group): group 1 1,500-ppm fluoride toothpaste and group 2 hydroxyapatite toothpaste. Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to a 7 days pH-cycling at 37°C. Microleakage was evaluated using a dye penetration method by immersing the specimens in 0.5% basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours. The teeth were then sectioned through the middle of the restorations and examined under a stereomicroscope to measure the depth of dye penetration. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of 0.05. The results revealed that the microleakage proportion in the hydroxyapatite toothpaste group was not significantly different from the 1,500-ppm fluoride toothpaste group (p > 0.05).

Keywords: Microleakage, Resin Composite, Primary Molar, Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES ON MATERNAL AND INFANT ORAL HEALTH CARE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: QUESTIONNAIRE VALIDATION AND PILOT STUDY RESULTS

2026-03-19T12:49:14+07:00

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of a questionnaire on oral health care for pregnant women and infants and to explore knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding oral health care among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics. The pilot study was conducted among 30 pregnant women receiving antenatal services at Samut Prakan Hospital. The questionnaire was developed and divided into three sections: personal characteristics (12 items), knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding oral health care during pregnancy (17 items), and knowledge and attitudes regarding infant oral health care (12 items). Face validity and content validity were assessed by three experts using the Content Validity Index (CVI), with an acceptable value of ≥0.8. The questionnaire was then pilot-tested to evaluate item difficulty, discrimination index, and internal consistency reliability using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The results showed that the questionnaire demonstrated excellent content validity, with a CVI of 0.966. Item difficulty indices ranged from 0.47 to 0.80, while discrimination indices ranged from 0.221 to 0.551. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.802. In conclusion, the questionnaire demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability. Therefore, it is suitable for use in the main study and to support further research in this field.

Keywords: Pregnant Women, Oral Health, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Oral Health Status, Good Health and Well-Being

AIRBORNE BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2026-03-19T12:55:12+07:00

This study aimed to assess the level of airborne bacterial contamination in intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary-care hospital using a descriptive study design. A total of 120 air samples were collected from 10 ICU units at two sampling locations (patient bedside and nursing station) during three time periods (before, during, and after patient care activities). Bacterial concentrations were reported as colony-forming units per cubic meter (CFU/m³) and presented as median values with interquartile ranges (IQR). The results demonstrated variability in airborne microbial load across ICU units. The Intermediate Medicine Female (IMF) unit exhibited the highest median concentration (104.17 CFU/m³; IQR 54.17-233.34), followed by the Stroke Unit (95.83 CFU/m³; IQR 41.67-141.67), whereas the Cardiovascular and Thoracic Intensive Care Unit (CVT ICU) had the lowest median level (25.00 CFU/m³; IQR 8.33-66.67). No statistically significant difference was observed between sampling locations (p = .300). However, significant differences were identified across sampling periods (p = .006), with the highest median concentration recorded during patient care activities (66.67 CFU/m³). Gram-positive bacteria predominated, particularly coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Micrococcus spp., and Bacillus spp., whereas Acinetobacter baumannii complex was detected at low levels. The number of individuals present in the area was positively correlated with airborne bacterial concentration (ρ = 0.403, p < .001). These findings indicate that airborne microbial load in ICUs varies according to unit characteristics, clinical activity intensity, and occupancy density.

Keywords: Airborne Bacterial Contamination, Intensive Care Unit, Indoor Air Quality, Healthcare-Associated Infections

THE IMPACT OF CIVIC TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM ON URBAN SERVICE MANAGEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TRAFFY FONDUE IN BANGKOK

2026-03-19T13:01:02+07:00

This study examines the causal impact of the civic technology platform Traffy Fondue on urban road safety in Bangkok. Traffy Fondue enables citizens to report infrastructure problems and traffic hazards directly to local authorities, potentially reducing response delays and improving maintenance efficiency. While the platform has been widely adopted as a major urban policy tool, empirical evidence on its safety effects remains limited.

Using district-level panel data from 2021-2025, this study applies a Difference-in-Differences framework comparing Bangkok districts with comparable peri-urban districts that were not exposed to the policy. The analysis focuses on two primary outcomes: total road accidents and total accident victims. The findings indicate that higher reporting intensity through Traffy Fondue is associated with statistically significant reductions in both accident frequency and the number of victims. The results suggest that participatory digital governance tools can reduce information frictions between citizens and government agencies, enhance infrastructure monitoring, and contribute to measurable improvements in public safety.

Keywords: Digital Governance, Road Safety, Urban Policy, Difference-in-Differences

IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF WAREHOUSE AND INVENTORY MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF A PROCESSED FRUIT FACTORY IN CHACHOENGSAO PROVINCE

2026-03-19T13:03:34+07:00

This research aimed to analyze the root causes of warehouse and inventory management problems in a processed fruit factory located in Chachoengsao Province and to compare operational performance before and after efficiency improvement. An action research approach was employed through the integration of logistics tools, including the Fishbone Diagram, Swimlane Workflow Process Map, ABC-XYZ analysis, cycle counting, cycle time analysis, and warehouse layout redesign. Data were collected from inventory audits over a six-month period, along with document review and internal process analysis within the warehouse.

The results revealed that the primary causes of the problems were process complexity (40%) and storage space limitations (30%). After implementation of the improvement measures, inventory discrepancies decreased from 15% to 5%, data accuracy improved from 82% to 96%, storage space utilization increased from 70% to 90%, operational steps were reduced from 12 to 8 steps, processing time per transaction decreased from 60 minutes to 40 minutes, and inventory holding costs declined by 32.93%. The findings demonstrate that the systematic integration of logistics tools can reduce operational waste and significantly enhance warehouse management efficiency in the agro-processing industry.

Keywords: Warehouse Management, Inventory Management, Processed Fruit Factory, ABC-XYZ Analysis, Warehouse Layout Design

HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF ESKAPE PATHOGENS IN MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS OF A TERTIARY HOSPITAL

2026-03-19T13:05:33+07:00

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a major challenge to patient safety, causing prolonged hospitalization and increased healthcare costs. This study reviewed medical records of patients admitted to three intensive care units of the Respiratory ICU, Internal Medicine ICU 2, and Internal Medicine ICU 7. The data collected between April and June 2025. A total of 159 patients were included, of whom 32 had positive cultures identified as community-acquired infections or colonization. Male and female proportions were equal. Most patients were aged 19-59 years (59.4%), followed by those aged 60 years and older (40.6%). Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common pathogen (31.3%). Eight patients developed HAIs. Most were female (62.5%), with equal age distribution, and the majority had comorbidities (87.5%). Ventilator-associated pneumonia was the most common HAI (62.5%), followed by catheter-associated urinary tract infection (25.0%) and central line-associated bloodstream infection (12.5%). All HAI patients were hospitalized for more than 7 days. Significant associations were found between HAIs and ICU stay longer than 7 days (p < .05), mechanical ventilation over 7 days (p = .005), and central venous catheterization over 7 days (p = .003), but not prolonged urinary catheterization (p = .110). These findings emphasize the need for infection surveillance and strict infection prevention and control measures to reduce HAIs and improve patient safety.

Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections, Intensive Care Unit, Infection Control

INFLUENCE OF DRINKING AND EATING AFTER FLUORIDE APPLICATION ON SALIVARY FLUORIDE LEVEL

2026-03-19T13:11:40+07:00

This study aimed to investigate the effects of three different post‑varnish instructions following fluoride varnish treatment on salivary fluoride concentration at 40 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours along with cumulative fluoride exposure. The protocols were as follows: Instruction A (Standard), allowing water and soft food 5 minutes post-application; Instruction B (NPO-30 mins), restricting intake for 30 minutes; and Instruction C (Refrain 4h), restricting food for 4 hours. All participants were permitted to consume hard food after 4 hours. The data were analyzed from 23 participants with a mean age of 25.53 years, all of whom had normal oral health and no dental caries. The results showed that 1) Salivary fluoride concentrations were significantly influenced by time and post‑varnish instructions (p < 0.05), specifically resulting in lower concentrations for Group A at 2 and 4 hours compared to Groups B and C. and 2) Analysis of the area under the concentration-time curve revealed that the AUC of group A in the first 2 hours (AUC_0-2h) and 4 hours (AUC_0-4h) was significantly lower than that of groups B and C at a significance level of 0.05.

Keywords: Fluoride, Post Varnish Behavior, Fluoride Varnish

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AI-BLENDED LEARNING ENVIRONMENT BASE ON CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH TO ENHANCE ANALYTICAL THINKING IN GENETICS FOR GRADE 11 STUDENTS: PHASE 1-THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND FRAMEWORK DESIGN

2026-03-19T13:17:15+07:00

Phase 1 of this research aims to analyze theoretical foundations and synthesize a conceptual framework for developing an AI-blended learning environment based on the constructivist approach to enhance analytical thinking in genetics for Grade 11 students. The study examines the curriculum requirements, learner context, and instructional approaches aligned with the Core Education Curriculum B.E. 2551 (Revised 2017), together with an analysis of constructivist theories—both cognitive and social—and major cognitivist learning theories, including Information Processing Theory, Meaningful Learning Theory, and Metacognition Theory. The study also incorporates three components of analytical thinking: identifying elements, determining causal relationships, and categorizing information. In addition, the research reviews constructivist learning environment models such as Constructivist Learning Environment (CLEs), Open Learning Environments (OLEs), and Cognitive Apprenticeship, as well as concepts related to media, network-based learning, and the potential of artificial intelligence in supporting active learning, social interaction, and self-regulated learning. The synthesis results in six key components of the learning environment: 1) problem situations, 2) learning resource room,
3) analytical thinking room, 4) knowledge-exchange room, 5) scaffolding room, and 6) consulting room, all systematically linked to relevant theoretical foundations. The outcome of this phase provides a theoretically grounded conceptual framework that is suitable for subsequent prototype development in the next stage of the research.

Keywords: AI-Blended Learning, Analytical Thinking, Constructivist

BASIC KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF KU GENAI PLATFORM AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT KASETSART UNIVERSITY

2026-03-19T13:20:15+07:00

This study's aims were to: 1) examine the level of basic knowledge and understanding of KU GenAI platform among undergraduate students at Kasetsart University, 2) compare the basic knowledge and understanding of KU GenAI according to demographic factors, and 3) examine the association between frequently used media and the level of basic knowledge and understanding of KU GenAI. The sample consisted of 530 undergraduate students enrolled in the second semester of the 2025 academic year at Kasetsart University. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical techniques employed for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent samples t-test, One-Way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc comparison, Chi-square test, and Cramér’s V, with statistical significance set at the .05 level. The findings revealed that undergraduate students at Kasetsart University demonstrated a high level of basic knowledge and understanding of KU GenAI platform (M = .91, S.D. = .14). All dimensions were also rated at a high level, including personal data management (M = .94, S.D. = .14), fundamental system operations (M = .92, S.D. = .16), academic use (M = .91, S.D. = .18), and system limitations (M = .88, S.D. = .19). Hypothesis testing indicated that students with different academic years and faculties exhibited significantly different levels of basic knowledge and understanding of KU GenAI, whereas no significant difference was found between students of different sex. In addition, frequently used media was weakly associated with the level of basic knowledge and understanding of KU GenAI, showing a low positive relationship (Cramér’s V = .16).

Keywords: Generative Artificial Intelligence, KU GenAI platform, Knowledge and Understanding, Undergraduate Students, Kasetsart University

TRUST IN INFORMATION GENERATED BY KU GENAI PLATFORM AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT KASETSART UNIVERSITY

2026-03-19T13:21:56+07:00

This study aimed to: 1) examine the level of information trust in KU GenAI Platform among undergraduate students, 2) compare information trust in KU GenAI according to demographic factors, and 3) examine the relationship between knowledge and understanding of KU GenAI and information trust in KU GenAI. The sample consisted of 530 undergraduate students at Kasetsart University enrolled in the second semester of the 2025 academic year. Data were collected using a questionnaire, and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Bonferroni, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, with a statistical significance level set at .05. The results revealed that undergraduate students demonstrated a high level of information trust in KU GenAI overall (Mean = 4.33, S.D. = .583). All three sub-dimensions were also rated at a high level: response verification (Mean = 4.42, S.D. = .571), usability (Mean = 4.35, S.D. = .599), and accuracy (Mean = 4.25, S.D. = .682). Hypothesis testing found that students differing in year of study, English language proficiency, and GPA demonstrated significantly different levels of information trust, while no significant difference was found between students of different sex. Furthermore, knowledge and understanding of KU GenAI showed a weak positive relationship with information trust (r = .223).

Keywords: Trust in AI-generated information, KU GenAI Platform, Information quality, Undergraduate students, Artificial intelligence adoption in higher education

AN EVALUATION OF THE INFORMATION QUALITY OF THE KU GENAI PLATFORM AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT KASETSART UNIVERSITY

2026-03-19T13:23:22+07:00

This study aimed to: (1) examine the level of information quality evaluation of the KU GenAI platform among undergraduate students at Kasetsart University; (2) compare evaluations across personal factors; (3) investigate the association between instructors’ support for AI use and information quality evaluation; (4) examine the relationship between instructional materials for AI use and evaluation levels; and (5) explore the association between prompt engineering knowledge and information quality evaluation. The sample consisted of 530 undergraduate students enrolled in the second semester of the 2025 academic year. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Statistical analyses included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, One-Way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc comparison, Chi-square, Cramér’s V, and Pearson correlation, with a significance level of .05. The results showed that the overall level of information quality evaluation of the KU GenAI platform was high (Mean = 4.14, S.D. = .54). All dimensions were rated at a high level, including answer presentation (Mean = 4.21, S.D. = .53), alignment with user needs (Mean = 4.17, S.D. = .57), and information credibility (Mean = 4.04, S.D. = .61). Hypothesis testing showed that students’ evaluations of information quality differed significantly by sex, faculty, and AI usage experience. Instructors’ support and instructional materials for AI use had weak positive associations with evaluation levels (Cramér’s V = .13). Knowledge of prompt engineering showed a small positive correlation with information quality evaluation (r = .284).

Keywords: Information Quality, Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education, User Evaluation, AI-Supported Instruction, Prompt Engineering Knowledge

AWARENESS OF CONTENT GENERATION AND DISSEMINATION ON SOCIAL MEDIA USING KU GENAI PLATFORM AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT KASETSART UNIVERSITY

2026-03-19T13:25:00+07:00

This study aimed to: (1) examine awareness among undergraduate students at Kasetsart University regarding the use of the KU GenAI Platform for generating and disseminating information on social media; (2) compare awareness across personal characteristics; (3) investigate the relationship between regularly used media and awareness; and (4) examine the relationship between knowledge of AI-generated content dissemination and awareness levels. The sample consisted of 530 undergraduate students in the second semester of the 2025 academic year. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent samples t-test, One-Way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc comparison, Chi-square test, Cramér’s V, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, with a significance level of .05.

The findings showed that overall awareness was high (M = 4.45, S.D. = .49). All dimensions were also high, including ethics, legal considerations, and personal data protection (M = 4.49), perception of roles and risks (M = 4.45), academic integrity and reputation management (M = 4.43), and responsible social media use (M = 4.43). Awareness differed significantly by sex, faculty, grade point average, and monthly income, but not by age or year of study. Regular media use had a weak positive association (Cramér’s V = .10), while knowledge of AI-generated content dissemination showed a moderate positive correlation (r = .441).

Keywords: Awareness of AI Use, Content Generation and Dissemination, KU GenAI, Generative AI in Higher Education, Digital Citizenship, Social Media Governance

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE STOCK EXCHANGE OF THAILAND (SET)

2026-03-19T13:26:56+07:00

This research aims to analyze and study the relationship between macroeconomic and foreign factors that influence the movements of the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) Index. The study utilized 126 monthly time series data samples. The independent variables in this study comprised six factors: Gold Price (XAU), Thai Baht per US Dollar Exchange Rate (THB), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Thai Policy Interest Rate (THRATE), 10-Year US Government Bond Yield (US10Y), and WTI Crude Oil Price (WTI). Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis was employed for the investigation. The research found that four factors significantly affect the SET Index at the 0.05 statistical level: Gold Price (XAU), WTI Crude Oil Price (WTI), Exchange Rate (THB), and Thai Policy Interest Rate (THRATE). The multiple regression equation used to estimate the SET Index is as follows: = 2968.825 - 0.278XAU + 6.214WTI - 43.743THB + 36.044THRATE. The overall model demonstrates a strong explanatory power, as the variables account for 77.8% of the volatility in the SET Index (Adjusted R-Square = 0.778). The variables with the highest impact, in descending order, are gold price, crude oil price, exchange rate, and policy interest rate.

Keywords: SET Index, Multiple Regression Analysis, Oil Price, Gold Price, Exchange Rate, Policy Interest Rate

AN ANALYSIS OF MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR MORPHOLOGY IN A NORTHEAST THAI YOUNG ADULTS POPULATION USING INTRAORAL SCANNER AND AUTOCAD SOFTWARE

2026-03-19T13:29:32+07:00

The purpose of this study was to analyze the shape of maxillary central incisors in a Northeast Thai young adults population and to evaluate its association with gender stereotypes using a fully digital workflow. A total of 100 participants (50 males and 50 females; 18-35 years) were enrolled after providing informed consent. Maxillary central incisor morphology was recorded using an intraoral scanner. Tooth shape was calculated as the tooth quotient (TQ) classified as square, ovoid, or taper using AutoCAD software. Chi-square was utilized to analyze the relationship between tooth shape and gender (α = .05). The result showed that taper was the most overall frequency (42%). According to gender taper was predominant among males (58%), while ovoid was most common in females (48%). Square occurred least frequently in both genders (male 16%, female 24%). A statistically significant association was found between gender and maxillary central incisor tooth shape categories (p = .017). Intra-examiner reliability was excellent (ICC = .973). Within the limitations of this study, gender was associated with differences in maxillary central incisor tooth shape distribution. These findings indicate that tooth shape categories may correspond to gender-related characteristics in a Northeast Thai young adults population and may serve as a useful consideration in esthetic smile restoration planning.

Keywords: Tooth Shape, Central Maxillary Incisor, Young Adult Thai Population

ORAL HEALTH STATUS OF CHILDREN WITH KIDNEY DISEASE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2026-03-19T13:34:05+07:00

This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the oral health status of children with kidney disease and healthy children. A total of 158 children aged 4-15 years were included, comprising 79 children with kidney disease and 79 healthy controls. Oral examinations were conducted to assess dental caries using the dmft/DMFT index, oral hygiene status using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), and developmental defects of enamel (DDE). Information on oral hygiene behaviors, access to dental services, and socioeconomic characteristics was collected using structured questionnaires. The results showed no statistically significant differences between children with kidney disease and healthy controls in terms of dental caries prevalence, dmft/DMFT scores, or overall oral hygiene status (p > 0.05). Children with kidney disease demonstrated slightly higher debris index and OHI-S scores, although these differences were not statistically significant. DDE was observed exclusively in children with kidney disease.

Keywords: Kidney Disease, Oral Health, Children

FLUORESCENCE EFFECT OF CAD/CAM HYBRID CERAMIC AND LITHIUM DISILICATE GLASS CERAMIC

2026-03-19T13:38:41+07:00

Limited data are available regarding the fluorescence properties of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramics and hybrid ceramic, despite their importance in achieving natural esthetic dental restorations. Variations in fluorescence among IPS e.max CAD, Amber Mill, Rosetta SM, VITA Enamic, and Cerasmart may influence esthetic outcomes under different lighting conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fluoresence effect of material type of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate and hybrid ceramics. A total of 50 CAD/CAM lithium disilicate and hybride ceramic specimens were fabricated from IPS e.max CAD, Amber Mill, Rosetta SM, VITA Enamic, and Cerasmart at 1.0 mm thickness. A resin cement substrate (RelyX U200) was used as contol. All specimens was prepared and at 10 × 10 × 1 mm³in size. All specimens were polished using sequential 800 and 1400-grit silicon carbide papers, and final thicknesses were verified with a digital caliper. Fluorescence-related color differences (∆E₀₀) were measured using a spectrophotometer and calculated with the CIEDE2000 formula. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and least significant difference post-hoc tests (α = .05). At 1-mm thickness, lithium disilicate ceramics exhibited significantly higher fluorescence differences (ΔE₀₀) than hybrid ceramics (p < 0.05), with no significant differences within each material group.

Keywords: CAD/CAM, Lithium Disilicate, Hybrid Ceramic, Fluorescence, Thickness, CIEDE2000, Spectrophotometer

COMPARISON OF CHIN ESTHETIC LINE VALUES BETWEEN ACCEPTABLE AND NON-ACCEPTABLE ESTHETIC PROFILES USING A 3D CAMERA FACIAL SCAN SYSTEM

2026-03-19T13:41:24+07:00

Facial esthetics is a key component in orthodontic and maxillofacial treatment planning. The position of the lips relative to the Esthetic Line (E-line) significantly influences facial harmony. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging provides improved accuracy in evaluating soft tissue contours compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) methods. However, limited data exist on lip-to-E-line values in individuals with varying esthetic profiles using 3D camera facial scans system. Objective: To establish normative values for upper and lower lip-to-E-line distances using a 3D camera facial scan system in individuals compared acceptable to non-acceptable facial esthetic profiles. Methods: A total of 158 participants (100 acceptable, 58 non-acceptable) were evaluated based on silhouette images from 3D scans. Participants scoring ≥ 3 out of 5 by expert panel assessment were classified as having acceptable esthetic profiles. Measurements of upper and lower lip distances to the E-line were recorded and analyzed using independent t-tests. Results: In males, the acceptable group showed significantly more retruded upper (-1.57 ± 1.88 mm) and lower lips (-0.02 ± 1.70 mm) compared to the non-acceptable group (-0.41 ± 2.49 mm and 2.20 ± 2.42 mm; p < 0.001). In females, similar differences were observed for the upper (-1.02 ± 1.98 mm vs. 0.51 ± 1.80 mm) and lower lips (0.26 ± 1.94 mm vs. 2.24 ± 2.35 mm; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Esthetically acceptable profiles are associated with more retruded lip positions relative to the E-line. These 3D-derived values may support improved clinical assessment and treatment planning in orthodontics and facial surgery based on 3D camera facial scan system.

Keywords: 3D Facial Scan, Esthetic Line, Soft Tissue Chin, Facial Esthetics

A COMPARISON OF SEALING ABILITY IN ROOT CANAL OBTURATED WITH SINGLE-CONE TECHNIQUE BETWEEN ENDOSEQUENCE BC SEALER AND NISHIKA CANAL SEALER BG MULTI AFTER POST SPACE PREPARATION

2026-03-19T13:44:26+07:00

The objective of this study was to compare the sealing ability of root canals obturated using the single-cone technique between EndoSequence BC sealer and Nishika Canal Sealer BG after post space preparation. 55 extracted human mandibular second premolars were decoronated to a root length of 11 mm. All roots were prepared with WaveOne Gold (45/05) and obturated with the single-cone technique using EndoSequence BC Sealer (E) and Nishika Canal Sealer BG Multi (N), with 20 teeth in each group, negative (En and Ni) and positive control groups, with 10 and 5 teeth in each group, respectively. The post space preparations were performed, leaving 4 mm of gutta-percha at the apical portion. Bacterial leakage was evaluated using Enterococcus faecalis (DMST 43137) over a 60-day period. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a tendency toward earlier leakage in the EndoSequence BC Sealer group. However, comparisons using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression revealed no statistically significant difference in leakage between the two groups (p = 0.156). Within the limitations of this study, EndoSequence BC Sealer and Nishika Canal Sealer BG Multi demonstrated comparable sealing ability when 4 mm of root canal filling material was retained after post space preparation in canals obturated using the single-cone technique.

Keywords: EndoSequence BC Sealer, Nishika Canal Sealer BG Multi, Bacterial Leakage of Enterococcus faecalis, Bioactive Glass Sealer

EXPRESSION OF COLLAGEN TYPE I IN INFLAMED DENTAL PULP CELLS TESTED WITH DIFFERENT CAPPING MATERIALS

2026-03-19T13:47:19+07:00

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of various pulp capping materials—Dycal®, Biodentine™, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with distilled water, MTA mixed with Thai propolis extract, and Thai propolis extract alone—on cell viability and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of collagen type I (COL-I) in interleukin-1β-stimulated human dental pulp cells at 24 and 72 hours. Human dental pulp cells were obtained from freshly extracted molars of three volunteers who underwent tooth extraction for orthodontic purposes or for impacted tooth removal. Cell viability was assessed using the PrestoBlue assay, and COL-I mRNA expression was quantified by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s Bonferroni post hoc test with a significance level of 0.05. At 24 hours, the Thai propolis group exhibited significantly higher cell viability than the non-inflamed control group (adjusted p < 0.05). At 72 hours, all materials except Dycal® showed no significant effect on cell viability (adjusted p > 0.05). COL-I mRNA expression did not differ significantly among the groups at 24 hours (p > 0.05); however, a significant increase was observed in the MTA mixed with distilled water, MTA mixed with Thai propolis extract, and Thai propolis extract groups at 72 hours (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that Thai propolis extract, either alone or used as a mixing vehicle with MTA, tends to enhance COL-I expression, which is essential for wound healing and the reduction of inflammation.

Keywords: Propolis, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Pulp Capping Materials, Collagen Type I

THE EFFECT OF EROSIVE CHALLENGE ON THE SURFACE PROPERTIES OF FLOWABLE RESIN COMPOSITES

2026-03-19T13:51:38+07:00

Flowable resin composites are indicated for restoring non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs); however, concerns persist regarding their physical properties and wear resistance. Acid erosion, an etiological factor of NCCLs, affects surface roughness—a critical consideration in material selection. This study investigated the surface roughness of flowable resin composite, high-strength flowable resin composite, and nanofilled resin composite before and after 20-day erosive challenge. Three resin composites were tested (n=10 per material): nanofilled (Z350XT; 3M ESPE), flowable (Filtek Flow; 3M ESPE), and high-strength flowable (G-ænial; GC Corporation). Each material was subdivided into baseline (T0) and 20-day erosive challenge (T20) groups (n=5 each). Specimens were exposed to citric acid (pH 2.3), and surface roughness was measured using laser scanning microscopy (Olympus LEXT OLS5100). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparative analysis. Results showed nanofilled composite exhibited significantly higher surface roughness at both timepoints versus other groups. At T0, high-strength flowable composite demonstrated significantly greater roughness than flowable composite; however, at T20, no significant difference existed between these two materials. Within-group analysis revealed significantly increased surface roughness from T0 to T20 for both nanofilled and flowable composites, whereas high-strength flowable composite showed no significant change. This study concluded that 20-day erosive challenge significantly affected surface roughness of flowable and nanofilled resin composites more than high-strength flowable composite.

Keywords: Flowable Resin Composite, High-Strength Flowable Resin Composite, Erosive Challenge, Surface Roughness, Non-Carious Cervical Lesions

IMPACT OF MAXIMUM TONGUE STRENGTH ON EARLY PERI-IMPLANT BACTERIAL COLONIZATION: A PILOT STUDY

2026-03-19T13:55:44+07:00

Bacterial colonization around dental implants plays a critical role in early peri-implant tissue healing and inflammation. Tongue function may influence oral microbial distribution, however, its impact during the early healing phase after implant placement remains unclear. This pilot study investigated the association between maximum tongue strength (MTS) and early peri-implant bacterial colonization following dental implant surgery. Fourteen patients receiving a single dental implant in the posterior region to support a fixed crown were enrolled. MTS was measured at the anterior region two weeks after surgery, and the highest value from three measurements was recorded in kilopascals (kPa). Patients were categorized into low and high MTS groups using a cut point of 38.9 kPa, based on reported mean MTS values in Asian adult. Peri-implant gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial loads were determined by culture and expressed in colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Patients in the low MTS group exhibited significantly greater increases in aerobic bacterial count between 2 to 4 weeks after implant placement compared with those in the higher MTS group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was identified for anaerobic bacterial changes. These findings suggest a potential association between maximum tongue strength and changes in aerobic bacterial colonization around dental implants during the early healing period following implant placement.

Keywords: Maximum Tongue Strength, Implant Wound Healing, Bacterial Counts

ORAL HEALTH CHALLENGES IN DEPENDENT OLDER ADULTS: INSIGHTS FROM OHAT AND MICROBIAL ASSESSMENTS

2026-03-19T13:58:16+07:00

This descriptive research aimed to assess the oral health status and bacterial load of dependent older people in nursing homes and to compare bacterial levels by facility type. The sample consisted of 71 older adults aged 60 and above from three nursing homes in Bangkok (one public and two private). Research instruments included a questionnaire, the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), and a bacterial counter. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and One-way ANOVA. The results showed that the majority of participants were female (62.0%) and aged 80 years or older (56.3%). The most common oral hygiene method was using gauze with mouthwash (50.7%), performed twice daily (60.6%). The mean OHAT score was 6.76 ± 2.27, indicating oral health problems, particularly in oral cleanliness and natural teeth. The average bacterial load was 7.21 ± 0.52 log₁₀(CFU), with a statistically significant difference observed between nursing homes (p = 0.012). While the total OHAT score did not correlate with bacterial load, the oral cleanliness score showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.493, p < 0.001). In conclusion, this group of older people exhibits significant oral health issues and high bacterial burdens. Therefore, accelerating the development of care standards, care assistant training, and support from dental professionals for continuous proactive care is essential.

Keywords: Dependent Older People, Oral Health, OHAT, Bacterial Count, Nursing Homes

WEAR RESISTANCE OF GLASS IONOMER SEALANTS MODIFIED WITH NANO-HYDROXYAPATITE AFTER CHEWING SIMULATION

2026-03-19T14:01:05+07:00

This study aimed to evaluate wear resistance of conventional glass ionomer sealants (Fuji VII) compared to glass ionomer sealants modified with nano-hydroxyapatite at concentrations of 5%, 8%, and 10% by weight. Wear resistance was assessed by measuring volume loss and surface roughness after chewing simulation at 120 000 and 240 000 strokes. The results revealed that the incorporation of nano-hydroxyapatite at all tested concentrations did not significantly affect volume loss and surface roughness compared to the control group (p>0.05). After 120 000 and 240 000 strokes, surface roughness of all material groups increased significantly compared with baseline values (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed among the material groups within the same cycle or between groups. In conclusion, modifying glass ionomer sealants with 5%, 8% and 10% nano-hydroxyapatite did not significantly enhance their wear resistance.

Keywords: Wear Resistance, Glass Ionomer Sealant, Nano-Hydroxyapatite, Surface Roughness

CHANGES IN ALVEOLAR BONE HEIGHT AFTER MAXILLARY ANTERIOR RETRACTION BETWEEN EN-MASSE AND TWO-STEP RETRACTION

2026-03-19T14:04:48+07:00

This retrospective study compared vertical alveolar bone height changes following maxillary anterior retraction using en-masse versus two-step techniques in adults. Lateral cephalograms of 24 female patients (mean age 20.16 ± 1.80 years) treated with first premolar extraction were analyzed. Skeletal, dental, and alveolar bone height (labial and palatal) changes were evaluated. Results showed no significant intergroup differences in skeletal or dental changes. Significant labial bone increased occurred in both groups at comparable levels (0.11-0.12 mm). However, significant palatal bone loss was observed only in the en-masse group (0.16 mm), whereas the two-step group showed a non-significant decrease. In conclusion, the two-step technique tends to better preserve palatal bone height, making it a clinically suitable option for patients with thin alveolar biotypes or periodontal risks.

Keywords: Alveolar Bone Height, Maxillary Anterior Retraction, Lateral Cephalometric Radiograph, En-masse Retraction, Two-Step Retraction

ROOT RESORPTION AFTER MAXILLARY ANTERIOR RETRACTION USING EN-MASSE VERSUS TWO-STEP INCISOR RETRACTION

2026-03-19T14:06:52+07:00

Objective: To compare the changes in root length of maxillary anterior teeth following anterior retraction using En-masse versus Two-step retraction techniques, as measured on lateral cephalometric radiographs. Materials and Methods: This retrospective analytical study included 30 adult orthodontic patients diagnosed with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion who were treated with bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction. The participants were divided into two groups: the En-masse retraction group (n=15) and the Two-step retraction group (n=15). Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained before (T0) and after (T1) anterior retraction to measure tooth length. The difference in tooth length between T0 and T1 was calculated to assess root resorption. An independent t-test was used to compare the differences between the groups, with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: Following anterior retraction, both groups exhibited a decrease in root length compared to pre-treatment levels. However, a comparison of the magnitude of root length change between the En-masse and Two-step retraction groups revealed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05).

Keywords: Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs, Incisor Retraction, En-masse Retraction, Maxillary Anterior Retraction, Root Length Change, Two-step Incisor Retraction

INFLUENCE OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON ORAL HEALTH, FOOD DIVERSITY, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN THE ELDERLY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN SOCIAL WELFARE AND PAID RESIDENCY GROUPS AT BAN BANG KHAE SOCIAL WELFARE DEVELOPMENT CENTER FOR OLDER PERSONS

2026-03-19T14:09:15+07:00

This research aimed to compare oral health, Functional Occluding Pairs (FOP), food diversity, and cognitive function between social welfare and paid residency elderly, and to investigate predictors of cognitive function. Participants were 88 elderly residents (52 welfare, 36 paid) at Ban Bang Khae Social Welfare Development Center. Instruments included the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), FOP examination, Food Diversity Score Kyoto (FDSK-11), and Mini-Cog test. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman’s rank correlation, and Hierarchical Multiple Linear Regression. Results revealed: 1) Despite being significantly older (p = .010), the paid group exhibited better oral health (p < .001), higher food diversity (p = .031), and superior cognitive function (p < .001). 2) Oral health problems correlated negatively with food diversity (r_s = -0.245, p = .022) and cognitive function (r_s > = -0.435, p < .001), while cognitive function correlated positively with food diversity (r_s = 0.227, p = .034). 3) Regression analysis indicated FOP was a positive predictor of cognitive function, attenuating the effects of education and socioeconomic status to non-significance (p = .134 and p = .298). Thus, prosthetic rehabilitation achieving functional occluding pairs is a crucial mechanism for preserving cognitive function, outweighing financial and educational backgrounds.

Keywords: Oral Health, Functional Occluding Pairs, Food Diversity, Cognitive Function, Socioeconomic Status

COMPARISON OF MICROLEAKAGE BETWEEN NANOHYDROXYAPATITE INCORPORATION INTO RESIN-BASED SEALANT AND CONVENTIONAL RESIN-BASED SEALANTS: A PILOT STUDY

2026-03-19T14:18:44+07:00

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of a nanohydroxyapatite-containing resin-based sealant compared with two conventional resin-based sealants. Fifteen extracted maxillary premolars were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 5 each): Group 1, resin-based sealant containing nanohydroxyapatite (nHA); Group 2, resin-based sealant containing fluoride (CP); and Group 3, resin-based sealant without remineralizing agent (EC). After sealant on occlusal surface, all specimens underwent thermocycling between 5 °C and 55 °C for 5,000 cycles, then were immersed in 5% methylene blue solution at 37 °C for 24 hours. Each tooth was sectioned buccolingually into two 1 mm-thick slices, and microleakage was assessed under a stereomicroscope. The result showed that Group 3 (EC) exhibited the greatest microleakage, followed by Group 1 (nHA), whereas Group 2 (CP) showed the least. These differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.823).

Keywords: Microleakage, Resin-Based Sealant, Nanohydroxyapatite, Fluoride, Remineralizing Agent

STRESS RELAXATION OF SMARTEE CLEAR ALIGNER MATERIAL

2026-03-19T14:21:39+07:00

Smartee is a brand that manufactures its own proprietary PET-G-based thermoplastic materials. Stress relaxation is critical for clear aligner materials. It directly impacts orthodontic treatment efficiency. This study aimed to examine stress relaxation properties of thermoplastic polymer materials manufactured by Smartee. Twelve samples (5 mm × 9 mm) were sectioned from the upper central incisor of aligners and divided into unused (n = 6) and 7-day worn (n = 6) groups. Testing was performed blindly. Using a DMA1 (Mettler-Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland) at 37°C, a constant extension of 0.3 mm was applied to each sample, and the resulting force decay was recorded over 1 hour. Data was recorded and analyzed using the STARe software. Result, the measured force was 0.32 ± 0.09 N for the unused group and 0.27 ± 0.09 N for the 7-day worn group, with corresponding stress relaxation values of 2.41 ± 1.16 MPa and 2.00 ± 0.15 MPa, respectively. Statistical comparison using independent t-tests showed no significant difference between groups for either force or stress (p > 0.05). Conclusions, there was no significant difference in force and stress relaxation between unused and 7-day worn Smartee clear aligners material.

Keywords: Orthodontic Thermoplastic Materials, Mechanical Properties, Stress Relaxation, Clear Aligners

SHAPING ABILITY OF FOUR HEAT-TREATED NICKEL-TITANIUM ROTARY INSTRUMENTS IN SIMULATED S-SHAPED CANALS

2026-03-19T14:24:47+07:00

The objective of this research was to study the shaping ability four types of heat-treated nickel-titanium rotary files in simulated S-shaped root canals. 48 S-shaped simulated root canals were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 12): ProTaper Gold (PTG), ProTaper Ultimate (PTU), Zenflex (ZF), and EdgeFile X7 (X7). Each system was prepared up to the size 25. Pre- and post canal shaping images using CBCT were superimposed at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 millimeters from the apex to measure the canal transportation. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests. Results: In mesio-distal direction, PTG caused significantly greater transportation at 2 and 8 millimeters compared to the other three groups. At 2 millimeters, X7 transported significantly less than PTG and PTU. At 4 millimeters, PTG showed significantly greater transportation than ZF. In the bucco-lingual direction at 6 millimeters, PTG caused significantly greater transportation than PTU (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PTG caused greater root canal transportation than PTU, ZF, and X7, while X7 transported less than PTG and PTU at 2 millimeters in mesio-distal direction.

Keywords: Canal Transportation, Nickel-titanium Rotary Files, Simulated S-shaped Canal

FACTORS INFLUENCING BEHAVIORAL INTENTION TO USE ON-DEMAND TRAVEL INSURANCE

2026-03-19T14:30:16+07:00

This research examines the factors influencing behavioral intention to use on-demand travel insurance by adopting the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) as the theoretical framework. The study investigates the relationships among key factors within the UTAUT2 framework that affect consumers’ behavioral intention to use on-demand travel insurance, with the objective of providing recommendations for the development of on-demand travel insurance products that align with users’ needs and service usage behaviors in the digital era. A quantitative research approach was applied, and data were collected from 432 respondents using an online survey. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe respondent characteristics, followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to assess construct validity and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the hypothesized relationships. The findings reveal that performance expectancy related to convenience and plan adjustment, social influence, and habit have statistically significant positive effects on behavioral intention to use on-demand travel insurance, with habit exerting the strongest influence. However, effort expectancy have statistically significant positive effects on performance expectancy related to convenience and plan adjustment.

Keywords: On-Demand Travel Insurance, UTAUT2, Behavioral Intention

INFLUENCE OF EXTRACTION VERSUS NON-EXTRACTION TREATMENT ON REFINEMENT FREQUENCY IN CLEAR ALIGNER THERAPY

2026-03-19T14:32:45+07:00

The objective of this research is to investigate the association between space management requirements and refinement frequency in clear aligner treatment. This retrospective cohort study analyzed 190 patients who completed clear aligner treatment in Bangkok, Thailand from 2016-2025. Space management was categorized as < 6 mm (n = 155, 81.58%), representing non-extraction cases and ≥6 mm (n = 35, 18.42%) representing extraction cases. Modified Poisson regression was employed, adjusting covariants, reporting results as risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. The results revealed that closing space ≥ 6 mm was the strongest independent predictor of increased refinement frequency (adjusted RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.02-1.82, p = 0.034), indicating 1.37 times higher refinement risk. The overall refinement rate was 92.1%, with all patients requiring ≥ 6 mm space closure undergoing at least one refinement. Space closure in extraction cases represents the primary predictor of refinement frequency. Therefore, enhanced treatment planning incorporating auxiliary mechanics, optimized attachment design, and strategic overcorrection may improve treatment predictability and reduce both refinement frequency and overall treatment time.

Keywords: Clear Aligner Treatment, Refinement, Extraction, Non-extraction, Space Management

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CLEANERS ON THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF POLYURETHANE RETAINERS

2026-03-19T14:35:11+07:00

This experimental study aimed to evaluate the effects of two cleaning agents—Sunlight dishwashing solution and Furano—compared with artificial saliva on the surface roughness of polyurethane retainer material at
0, 1, 3, and 6 months. Specimens were fabricated using thermoforming process and subsequently subjected to a 28-day coffee-staining solution, followed by repeated cleaning cycles. Surface roughness was evaluated by stylus profilometer. The effects of cleaning agent, time, and their interaction were analyzed using two-way repeated ANOVA was used to compare groups at each time point. The results demonstrated no significant differences in surface roughness among the cleaning-agent groups at any time point (p > 0.05). Clinically, these findings indicate that, during long-term use of polyurethane retainers, commonly used cleaning agents do not produce significant changes in surface roughness, supporting surface stability and the suitability of polyurethane as a retainer material for long-term use.

Keywords: Polyurethane; Clear Retainer; Cleaning Agent; Cleaning Cycles; Surface Roughness

AWARENESS OF SYPHILIS INFECTION AND SYPHILIS-RELATED FACTORS AMONG ADULT RESIDENTS IN THE SOUTHERN PROVINCE OF SRI LANKA: GENDER DIFFERENCE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS

2026-03-24T15:26:26+07:00

Syphilis is one of common sexually transmitted infections that its prevalence and trend has been increasing globally. Awareness of syphilis infection and its related factors is important for disease prevention and adverse events are more impact on mother-to-child transmission if infection occurred in females. To assess the gender difference in awareness of syphilis infection and syphilis-related factors among adults living in the Southern province of Sri Lanka and explore the associated factors with the awareness. A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among adult residents aged 18 years or older from three districts using self-administrated questionnaire. Levels of awareness and the associated factors were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariable regression model. Among 504 residents, prevalence of high awareness of syphilis infection and syphilis-related factors was 41.4% (60.8% in female vs 39.2% in male, p <0.001) and 34.9% (51.1% in female vs 48.9% in male, p 0.779), respectively. High awareness of syphilis infection was less likely to be in males than females after adjusting with other significant factors. Age, marital status, and occupation were independently associated with awareness of syphilis infection. No significance of gender difference in awareness of syphilis-related factors was found. High knowledge significantly increased odds of high awareness of syphilis infection and related factors. Awareness of syphilis infection, rather than specific risk factors, varied significantly by gender and influenced by age, marital status, occupation and knowledge. These findings identify priority groups for targeted strategies to improve prevention and control and importance of knowledge.

AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE, AND ATTITUDES ON RABIES AND PRIOR RABIES PREVENTIONS AMONG ADULTS LIVING ALONG THE BHUTAN–INDIA BORDER

2026-03-24T15:59:26+07:00

Background: Rabies is an almost universally fatal but entirely vaccine-preventable zoonotic disease, most commonly transmitted through dog bites. In Bhutan, rabies remains endemic in the southern districts along the porous Bhutan-India border due to free roaming dog populations and high human mobility. Objective: To assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitude on rabies and prior rabies preventions among adults aged 18 years or older living along the Bhutan-Indian border. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was performed in seven high-risk rabies border districts. Participants were selected exploiting a multistage sampling method. Data were gathered through interviews managing a structured questionnaire. Factor analysis and descriptive statistical analyses were performed. Results: Among 728 participants, 69% had high level of overall awareness of which nearly all reported having heard of rabies (95%), followed by transmitted from animals to humans (92%), and rabies can be prevented (89%). High knowledge level in rabies prevention (68.0%) was higher than in cause of rabies (63.9%) and sign & symptom (57.3%), respectively. Standardized scores of awareness and attitude were higher than knowledge scores. Of 164 having history of dog bites in previous 12 months (22.5%), they reported that bite from unvaccinated animals (54.9%), washed bite wounds (76.8%), received PEP 69.6% with completed treatment (67.1%), and use traditional treatments (2.4%). Conclusion: Although awareness, attitudes, and access to care were generally good, rabies knowledge remained inadequate, with predominantly poor prevention practices among individuals with prior animal bites, underscoring the need for targeted education and prevention policies.

FROM “TRACEABILITY” TO “INTERVENTION”: A BLOCKCHAIN-ENABLED DYNAMIC RISK GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY

2026-03-24T16:26:54+07:00

The industrialization of Geographic Indication (GI) food products has introduced significant public health risks, particularly regarding heavy metal contamination (Cadmium and Methylmercury) in processed seafood. While blockchain-based traceability systems have been widely adopted, they suffer from the “Oracle Problem” immutably recording logistical data without verifying intrinsic chemical safety. This study proposes a “Digital Gatekeeper” framework integrating a permissioned consortium blockchain (Hyperledger Fabric v2.4) with a novel Supply Chain Risk Index (SCRI). The SCRI a composite metric incorporating bioaccumulation kinetics and processing factors was embedded into smart contracts (Trace_SC) as an automated validation mechanism. The system was evaluated using a synthetic dataset (N=5,000 transaction batches) simulating volatile pollution scenarios. The SCRI-embedded smart contract achieved 89.2% accuracy and 94.5% sensitivity in identifying high-risk batches. Time-to-Trace latency was reduced from 48–72 hours to <3 seconds. Cryptographic stress tests confirmed absolute tamper-resistance against retroactive data modifications.

A NOVEL FRAMEWORK FOR PREDICTING HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION RISKS IN SURIMI-BASED PRODUCTS, COMBINING BIOACCUMULATION DYNAMICS WITH BLOCKCHAIN-ENABLED SUPPLY CHAIN TRANSPARENCY IN CHAOSHAN

2026-03-24T16:51:27+07:00

This study aimed to develop an integrated predictive framework that bridges environmental science, food processing engineering, and information technology to enable proactive contamination risk management in processed aquatic products.

A tripartite data integration strategy was employed, synthesizing governmental environmental monitoring records, industrial production databases, and peer-reviewed biokinetic parameters spanning 2018–2023. Mathematical models were constructed to characterize two distinct phases: (1) a first-order compartmental model describing pollutant uptake dynamics in marine fish species, and (2) a mass-balance transformation model quantifying contaminant fate during thermal processing. These quantitative outputs were synthesized into a weighted composite risk metric using multi-criteria decision analysis. The framework was operationalized through a permissioned distributed ledger system incorporating automated validation protocols. Analysis revealed substantial temporal displacement between environmental contamination events and biological tissue accumulation, with cross-correlation indicating approximately 3.5-month lag periods. Critically, processing effects demonstrated contaminant-specific divergence: water-soluble ionic metals exhibited 29% reduction through aqueous leaching, whereas protein-associated organic compounds showed 12% concentration increase due to moisture loss during thermal treatment. The integrated risk metric demonstrated 89.2% predictive accuracy against historical quality control outcomes, while the distributed ledger architecture reduced incident investigation duration from 48–72 hours to under 3 seconds.These findings challenge the prevailing assumption that food processing uniformly reduces contamination levels and demonstrate that static sampling protocols inadequately characterize risk in processed aquatic products. The proposed predictive governance architecture offers a paradigm shift from reactive inspection to anticipatory intervention, providing scalable infrastructure for modernizing food safety assurance in traditional food industries while maintaining cultural heritage product integrity.

FACTORS INFLUENCING CUSTOMER DECISION-MAKING IN CHOOSING VINTAGE BARBERSHOPS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RESEARCH CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

2026-02-10T12:42:37+07:00

This article aims to develop a conceptual research framework to explain the factors influencing customer decision-making when choosing vintage barbershops. Utilizing documentary research, the study reviews and synthesizes theories, concepts, and empirical evidence regarding consumer behavior, service marketing, and the nostalgia economy from 2016 to 2025. The synthesis reveals that consumer decision-making in this context extends beyond functional benefits to include aesthetic dimensions and identity construction linked to nostalgia. Consequently, the proposed framework integrates the "Service Marketing Mix (7Ps)"—Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Physical Evidence, and Process—as independent variables influencing the "Five-Stage Consumer Decision-Making Process". The study specifically highlights the critical roles of Product, Physical Evidence, and Promotion in conveying vintage semiotics to stimulate need recognition and alternative evaluation. This framework provides a robust theoretical foundation for developing hypotheses for future empirical research and offers practical implications for entrepreneurs crafting experience-based marketing strategies in the growing men's grooming industry.

A HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF CONCURRENT INITIAL ADVERSE EVENTS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING BPAL/BPALM REGIMENS FOR DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN LOWER MYANMAR

2026-03-04T17:03:08+07:00

Myanmar has recently scaled up all-oral BPaL (bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid) and BPaLM (BPaL with moxifloxacin) regimens nationwide for multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB). While clinically effective, the safety profile of these regimens is characterized by frequent, often concurrent adverse events (AEs). To date, real-world evidence regarding the clustering patterns of these toxicities within the Myanmar context remains limited. We conducted a retrospective analysis of electronic health records from 729 patients with MDR/RR-TB in lower Myanmar, utilizing data from the National Tuberculosis Programme’s Open Medical Record System (Open MRS). To characterize early-onset toxicity, analysis was restricted to first-occurrence AEs. We calculated pairwise mean differences (MDs) in time-to-first AE across all event types. These MDs were normalized between 0 and 1 and visualized via heatmaps with 0.1 cut-off intervals. Hierarchical cluster analysis using Euclidean distance and Ward’s linkage was applied to identify AE phenotypes based on temporal similarity. Seven distinct AE clusters were identified, with cluster sizes ranging from three to eight events. The most substantial cluster demonstrated multi-system involvement, encompassing palpitations, lower gastrointestinal symptoms, arthralgia, elevated liver enzymes, myalgia, headache, electrolyte disturbances, and QT prolongation. In conclusion, AEs associated with BPaL/BPaLM regimens exhibit distinct multi-systemic clustering patterns, suggestive of a treatment-related syndrome rather than sporadic side effects. These data support a transition toward cluster-based clinical monitoring and integrated safety surveillance to optimize patient management and treatment adherence for patients with MDR/RR-TB.

A QUALITY OF WORK LIFE FOR LECTUERES AT THE NATIONAL SPORTS UNIVERSITY. (CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK)

2026-03-06T12:35:36+07:00

University lecturers are regarded as a fundamental form of human capital that plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of teaching and learning, research, and academic services. This study aims to examine the conceptual framework of Quality of Work Life (QWL) among lecturers at the National Sports University, a specialized higher education institution with a mission to develop human capital through sports and with an educational management context that differs from that of general higher education institutions. The findings of this study are expected to systematically explain the conceptual framework of lecturers’ quality of work life within the context of the National Sports University and to accurately reflect the distinctive characteristics of lecturers’ professional quality. The knowledge generated from this research can be utilized as a guideline for policy formulation, human capital development planning, the design of management systems, and the enhancement of higher education quality in alignment with the university’s strategic objectives.

INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR MODEL OF EMPLOYEES IN THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY IN THE INDUSTRIAL ESTATE AUTHORITY OF THAILAND NORTHERN REGION (A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK)

2026-03-07T18:39:31+07:00

The electronics industry is one of the key sectors contributing significantly to national economic development, particularly in the knowledge-based economy where organizations must continuously adapt to rapid technological changes and intense global competition. Innovative work behavior (IWB) of employees has therefore become a critical factor that enables organizations to generate new ideas, improve work processes, and enhance their competitive capabilities. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework of innovative work behavior among employees in the electronics industry within the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand (IEAT), Northern Region. The study synthesizes relevant theories, concepts, and prior research to identify key factors influencing innovative work behavior. The main variables examined include transformational leadership, work motivation, and organizational commitment, which are considered essential factors in promoting innovative behavior among employees. The findings from the conceptual synthesis contribute to the development of a theoretical framework that explains the relationships among these variables. This framework can serve as a foundation for future empirical research and provide practical implications for human resource management strategies aimed at fostering innovative work behavior in the electronics industry.

COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND TOURISM BRANDING THROUGH THE TOURIST DESTINATION POLICY UNDER THE GREEN TOURISM PROMOTION STRATEGY IN THAILAND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDAMIC SITUATION

2026-03-10T18:14:51+07:00

This study takes up these questions through a retrospective qualitative case study of Thailand’s Green Tourism Promotion Strategy (2017-2021) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on policy document analysis, semi-structured interviews with nine government officials, and four focus group discussions involving 20 tourism stakeholders, the study examines how different actor groups, policymakers, tourism businesses, and the general public, understood and responded to sustainability-framed communication about destinations in Thailand. The result showed that government officials and senior policy practitioners consistently framed green tourism within a holistic sustainability agenda, whereas local business owners and tourists typically understood it in narrower terms, principally as environmental protection, waste reduction, or nature-based experience.

GUIDELINES FOR ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE DIGITAL ERA OF THE THAWARAWADEE SCHOOL CLUSTER UNDER THE BANGKOK PRIMARY EDUCATION SERVICE AREA OFFICE

2026-03-10T11:13:07+07:00

Academic administration is the main mission of educational institutions in enhancing the quality of teaching and learning management and developing learners in accordance with educational standards and the context of society in the digital era. However, from the implementation of digital policies of the Thawarawadee School Cluster under the Bangkok Primary Educational Service Area Office, it was found that schools still face limitations in personnel readiness, infrastructure, information technology, and the use of systematic data to support decision-making. As a result, academic administration in the digital era has not yet achieved the target of receiving evaluation results at the very good level (mean score 4.50–5.00) according to the five-level rating scale criteria.The objectives of this research were: 1) to study the level of academic administration in the digital era of the Thawarawadee School Cluster under the Bangkok Primary Education Service Area Office, and 2) to propose guidelines for academic administration in the digital era that are appropriate to the context of the school cluster. A mixed-methods research design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 196 school administrators and teachers using a questionnaire and analyzed by mean and standard deviation. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with five school administrators and analyzed using content analysis. The research results revealed that: 1) the overall level of academic administration in the digital era of the Thawarawadee School Cluster was at a high level, which was still lower than the very good level target that had been set; and 2) the qualitative analysis reflected that the major limitations included the imbalance of resources in terms of personnel, budget, technology, and management processes. The knowledge obtained from this research was the guidelines for academic administration in the digital era integrating system-based management, knowledge management, and the 4M’s resource framework, synthesized into six practices to enhance the quality of academic administration in order to achieve the target according to the five-level rating scale criteria.

PROMOTING TEACHERS' WELL-BEING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION

2026-03-11T14:38:09+07:00

Teacher well-being has become a central concern in educational administration because it is associated with teacher retention, instructional quality, and sustainable school improvement. This paper draws on recent scholarship on teacher well-being with particular attention to the role of school climate, administrative support, and professional collaboration. The discussion shows that teacher well-being is not only an individual psychological condition but also an organizational outcome shaped by leadership, workload, decision-making opportunities, relational trust, and access to professional resources. Based on this body of evidence, the paper discusses implications for educational administration and highlights limitations in the current literature, especially conceptual fragmentation, the frequent reliance on cross-sectional designs, and uneven geographic representation. The article concludes that educational administrators should adopt systemic and evidence-informed strategies that combine organizational redesign, supportive leadership, and collaborative professional cultures.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES

2026-03-11T14:42:19+07:00

Digitalization has transformed higher education management, offering opportunities to enhance efficiency, personalization, and accessibility. This study explores the impact of digitalization on higher education management, focusing on four key areas: administrative efficiency, personalized learning, challenges, and strategic responses. Through a systematic literature review, the research identifies critical challenges such as technological disparities, data security risks, and resistance to change. It proposes strategies including infrastructure development, capacity building, and inclusive policy frameworks. The findings highlight that effective digitalization requires a balanced integration of technological innovation with human-centric management to foster inclusive and sustainable educational ecosystems.

SUSTAINABLE EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP FOR ENHANCING TEACHERS' PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

2026-03-11T14:45:43+07:00

Sustainable educational leadership (SEL) has emerged as a critical element in advancing teacher professional development (TPD) in complex and rapidly evolving educational environments. This study examines how sustainable educational leadership (SEL) supports teacher professional development through ethical leadership, collaborative cultures, distributed leadership, and systemic coordination.This study integrates recent literature (2019-2024) and foundational leadership theory to identify four key areas: leadership traits, professional learning communities, ethical leadership, and systemic development strategies. The findings highlight that SEL can foster an environment conducive to teacher autonomy, innovation, and long-term instructional improvement, ultimately contributing to equitable and resilient school systems.

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE EVOLUTION AND FUTURE TRENDS OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION

2026-03-11T14:48:07+07:00

Educational administration, as a discipline bridging education and management, has undergone profound transformations over the past century. This systematic review synthesizes 32 seminal studies published between 2000 and 2025 to trace its evolution from traditional bureaucratic models to contemporary frameworks integrating technology, equity, and sustainability. The paper systematically analyzes core theoretical paradigms (e.g., scientific management, transformational leadership), key research themes (leadership effectiveness, policy implementation, organizational culture), and emerging trends (digital governance, inclusive leadership, cross-border collaboration). Gaps in current research include underdeveloped cross-cultural comparative studies and limited focus on marginalized educational contexts. Future trends should prioritize hybrid leadership models, technology ethics, and equitable resource allocation to address 21st-century educational challenges.

STRATEGIES FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS' CAREER PLANNING EDUCATION

2026-03-11T14:50:24+07:00

With the increasingly severe employment situation of college graduates and the intensifying competition for career development, career planning education for college students has gradually become a crucial component of higher education. Effective career planning education not only helps students clarify their career goals and improve their employability, but also contributes to the cultivation of high-quality talents required by social and economic development. Therefore, how to optimize career planning education, enhance its effectiveness, and promote high-quality employment of graduates has become an important issue faced by higher education institutions and educational administrators. Based on literature analysis and practical observations, this paper analyzes the major dilemmas currently existing in college students’ career planning education, including the imperfect curriculum system, the lagging construction of professional teaching staff, and the lack of collaborative education mechanisms among universities, enterprises, and society. These problems restrict the effectiveness of career planning education and hinder students’ ability to make informed career decisions. From the perspective of educational management, this study proposes several strategies to improve the effectiveness of career planning education in universities. These strategies include optimizing the curriculum system and strengthening practical learning links, enhancing the professional development and structure of teaching staff, establishing a collaborative education mechanism among universities, enterprises, families, and social organizations, and building a scientific evaluation and feedback system to ensure continuous improvement. Through the implementation of these strategies, universities can provide systematic and stage-based career guidance for students, strengthen their career awareness, and improve their career adaptability and employment competitiveness.

ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND TEACHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN LOCAL APPLICATION-ORIENTED UNIVERSITIES: A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE

2026-03-11T15:14:32+07:00

Teacher professional development has become a critical issue in higher education in the context of increasing demands for teaching quality, research productivity, and innovation. While previous studies have primarily focused on individual factors influencing teacher development, the role of organizational support has received comparatively less attention. This study adopts a semi-systematic literature review approach to examine the relationship between organizational support and teacher professional development in local application-oriented universities. Drawing on organizational support theory and recent empirical research, the study analyzes how institutional support mechanisms—including leadership support, policy frameworks, professional development opportunities, and organizational culture—contribute to enhancing teacher motivation, work engagement, and professional competence. The findings suggest that perceived organizational support plays a significant role in facilitating sustainable teacher development. The study also highlights the importance of establishing comprehensive institutional support systems, particularly in application-oriented universities where practice-based teaching and industry collaboration are emphasized. These findings provide theoretical and practical implications for improving educational management and supporting teacher development in higher education.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL LABOR AND OCCUPATIONAL BURNOUT AMONG UNIVERSITY MENTAL HEALTH TEACHERS

2026-03-11T15:54:35+07:00

This study explores the relationship between emotional labor and occupational burnout among university mental health teachers. Due to the nature of their work, university mental health educators engage in significant emotional labor, which, if not properly managed, can easily lead to occupational burnout. Emotional labor leads to occupational burnout by depleting psychological resources: surface acting positively predicts occupational burnout; deep acting may alleviate burnout through positive feedback, but long-term emotional regulation still carries the risk of implicit exhaustion; natural emotional expression negatively impacts burnout, but is difficult to achieve in the high‑pressure environment of mental health teachers. Mental health educators abroad and those in China operate in different contexts and employ distinct methods, rendering foreign research of limited relevance. Currently, there is a scarcity of studies in China examining the relationship between emotional labor and occupational burnout among mental health educators. This paper compiles domestic and international literature using a systematic review approach and provides a critical evaluation of existing research. It offers valuable insights for improving the current state of occupational burnout among university mental health educators and cultivating their ability to effectively utilize emotional labor strategies.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM FOR SINO-FOREIGN COOPERATIVE EDUCATION UNDER HIGH-QUALITY DEVELOPMENTt

2026-03-11T21:15:41+07:00

Against the backdrop of high-quality development becoming the core orientation of China’s educational reform, Sino-foreign cooperative education has become an important form of internationalization in higher education. Ensuring the quality of such programs is crucial for maintaining educational standards and enhancing international competitiveness. Based on collaborative governance theory and quality management theory, this study adopts a systematic literature review method to analyze existing research on quality assurance in cross-border higher education and Sino-foreign cooperative education. By reviewing relevant international and Chinese literature, the study identifies key challenges in the current quality assurance system, including insufficient policy coordination, inconsistent quality standards, limited dynamic monitoring mechanisms, and weak international collaboration. On this basis, a four-dimensional collaborative quality assurance framework consisting of policy coordination, internal institutional management, third-party evaluation, and international collaboration is proposed. The framework aims to promote the transformation of Sino-foreign cooperative education from scale expansion to high-quality development and provides theoretical and policy implications for improving quality governance in transnational higher education.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL LITERACY OF COLLEGE STUDENT AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS

2026-03-11T21:19:52+07:00

As digital transformation penetrates higher education, college Student affairs professionals face multidimensional challenges in role definition, competency requirements, and practice methodologies. Based on role theory, this paper constructs a theoretical framework including core concepts such as digital transformation and digital literacy, analyzes the practical dilemmas of Student affairs professionals in terms of role expectation conflicts, role ability gap, and inadequate role support system, and proposes a four-dimensional development path of role cognition remodeling, role ability improvement, role practice innovation, and enhanced role support. The study points out that colleges and universities need to promote the transformation of Student affairs professionals to new roles such as digital literacy trainers and data analysts through dynamic job standards, a "digital literacy " training system, an intelligent work platform, and policy incentive mechanisms. This path provides theoretical and practical guidance for the professional development of Student affairs professionals teams, and future research can explore customized strategies combined with empirical studies.

OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES

2026-03-12T12:15:42+07:00

Establishing a systematic, scientific, and sustainable teaching quality assurance system has become an urgent necessity for private universities to achieve high-quality, substantive development. Based on policy contexts and existing research, this paper integrates Total Quality Management (TQM) theory to systematically analyze challenges in the conceptual, managerial, and operational dimensions of teaching quality assurance systems in private universities. It proposes a three-dimensional optimization framework— “Quality Culture Leadership—TQM Support—Resource Empowerment”—to provide practical guidance for private institutions in reconstructing their teaching quality assurance systems and achieving high-quality, intrinsic development.

PSYCHOLOGY HEALTH EDUCATION MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION

2026-03-13T13:33:03+07:00

With the advancement of educational modernization and the "Healthy" strategy, psychology health education has become an essential component of higher education.This study analyzes the management of mental health education in higher education has gradually improved. Most universities have established mental health education centers, offering psychological courses, counseling services, and mental health activities, as well as crisis early-warning mechanisms. To address these issues, the paper proposes four optimization strategies: First, the current situation of mental health education management in higher education is analyzed. Second, the problems and challenges faced by mental health education management in higher education are discussed. Third, relevant experiences and references in mental health education management are reviewed to provide theoretical and practical support. Fourth, the characteristic development paths of mental health education management in higher education are explored. Fifth, improving the capacity of mental health education management is conducive to enhancing work effectiveness and promoting the overall quality and efficiency of educational management.This study provides valuable reference for improving the application of mental health education management in higher education.

PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL PERCEPTION AND ITS DIMENSIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

2026-03-13T13:50:37+07:00

With the continuous transformation of governance structures in higher education, performance appraisal has become an increasingly important component of human resource management in university. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of performance appraisal systems is not determined solely by their institutional design. Faculty members’ perceptions and interpretations of these systems also play a crucial role in shaping their practical outcomes.In order to understand the conceptual implications of performance appraisal perception and its research trajectory clearly, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review and analysis of existing literature. It's very important to review the academic papers that related to performance appraisal perception.The review focuses on five aspects: methodology of literature review,concept of performance appraisal perception,theoretical foundations of performance appraisal perception,dimensions of performance appraisal perception,performance appraisal perception in higher education. A synthesis of existing research reveals that performance appraisal perception typically refers to an individual's cognitive judgments and evaluations regarding the appraisal process, evaluation criteria, perceived fairness, and the application of appraisal outcomes (Aguinis, 2019; DeNisi & Murphy, 2017). Theoretically, this concept is primarily grounded in organizational justice theory, social exchange theory, and expectancy theory. Organizational justice theory emphasizes that individuals' subjective evaluations of procedural, distributive, and interactional justice significantly influence their attitudes and behaviors (Colquitt et al., 2001; Liu & Long, 2002). Social exchange theory posits that when employees perceive organizational fairness and support during performance evaluations, they tend to reciprocate with more positive attitudes and behaviors (Cropanzano et al., 2017; Guest, 2017). Expectancy theory, from a motivational perspective, explains how employees form behavioral choices based on their perceptions of the relationship between effort, performance, and outcomes (Vroom, 1964). Within these theoretical frameworks, scholars generally conceptualize perceived performance appraisal as a multidimensional construct, typically encompassing perceptions of fairness, accuracy, feedback, and development (Smither & London, 2009; Murphy, 2020; Kivipõld et al., 2021). In higher education settings, university faculty members undertake multidimensional tasks encompassing teaching, research, and social service. Consequently, performance appraisal systems often exhibit greater complexity during implementation, leading faculty to develop multi-layered understandings and judgments regarding evaluation criteria, procedural transparency, and the application of appraisal outcomes (Wang & Chen, 2021). This subjective perception not only influences faculty members' evaluations of organizational fairness but may also further affect their work attitudes and behavioral performance, such as work engagement and innovative behavior (Canet-Giner et al., 2020; Chen & Liu, 2020; Gao & Ma, 2021; Huang & Wang, 2020). Therefore, systematically examining the connotations and dimensional structure of performance appraisal perceptions from the perspective of university faculty can deepen our understanding of the effectiveness of higher education performance management and provide important theoretical foundations for future empirical research in educational administration (Li & Zhang, 2020).

A THEORETICAL EXPLORATION OF ACADEMIC TEAMWORK PERFORMANCE AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS IN ZHEJIANG’S HIGHER VOCATIONAL COLLEGES

2026-03-13T13:57:25+07:00

Academic teams serve as the core driving force for higher vocational colleges (HVCs) to achieve quality improvement, industry-education integration, and regional economic service. Against the backdrop of vocational education reform in Zhejiang Province, local HVC academic teams face unique challenges including weak research foundations, suboptimal team structures, and inadequate institutional support. However, existing research on team performance has predominantly focused on research universities and corporate teams, lacking targeted exploration of the characteristics and influencing mechanisms of academic teamwork performance in HVC contexts. This study aims to theoretically explore the key factors influencing academic teamwork performance in HVCs and their action mechanisms. Drawing on organizational behavior theory, team effectiveness theory, and vocational education-related research, this paper systematically analyzes eight core influencing factors: team heterogeneity, team roles, team conflict, team innovation climate, team goal clarity, team communication quality, team organizational structure, and team institutional environment.A theoretical framework for academic teamwork performance in HVCs is constructed, and corresponding research propositions are proposed. The findings enrich the theoretical system of team performance research in vocational education and provide practical guidance for optimizing the construction and management of academic teams in Zhejiang’s HVCs, supporting the province’s development as a national vocational education highland.

ENHANCING QUALITY IN HIGHER VOCATIONAL EDUCATION: A FRAMEWORK INTEGRATING TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

2026-03-13T14:01:51+07:00

Higher Vocational Education (HVE) is a vital link between education systems and labor markets, fostering productivity and inclusive growth. However, challenges persist in graduate employability, skill relevance, and institutional capacity for sustained quality improvement. This paper proposes a context-sensitive Quality Management (QM) framework for HVE, inspired by the adaptive principles of Total Quality Management (TQM). It redefines educational quality as a dynamic outcome co-created through ongoing collaboration among students, employers, educators, and policymakers. Moving beyond compliance-driven quality assurance, the framework emphasizes proactive process optimization, data-informed decision-making, and organizational learning. It integrates a PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) model with digital feedback and multi-stakeholder governance, analyzing curriculum, pedagogy, infrastructure, and outcomes. Case studies of Germany’s Dual System, Singapore’s SkillsFuture initiatives, and Finland’s competence-based framework demonstrate that systemic integration is key to lasting quality. The paper concludes that ingraining QM into HVE’s institutional DNA necessitates not only technical tools but a cultural shift, positioning quality as the core principle of strategy and practice.

CRITICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTO ACADEMIC MANAGEMENT FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN HENAN PROVINCE

2026-03-19T11:41:32+07:00

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has significantly reshaped governance structures across educational systems. In vocational education, AI-driven academic management systems provide new opportunities for data-informed decision-making, intelligent scheduling, student performance prediction, and institutional resource optimization. This paper employs a systematic literature review to screen and evaluate research findings on digital transformation and AI governance from 2021 to 2024. The study specifically focuses on the unique context of vocational education in Henan Province, revealing deep-seated structural contradictions affecting AI integration through comparative analysis of policy responses and practices in the region under the background of industrial upgrading.The study contributes to theoretical discussions on intelligent educational governance and offers strategic recommendations for vocational institutions seeking to modernize academic management in alignment with China’s digital economy development strategy.

A THEORETICAL EXPLORATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENT SELF-EFFICACY AND BLENDED LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN ZHEJIANG VOCATIONAL COLLEGES

2026-03-13T14:06:19+07:00

Against the background of global educational digitalization, blended learning has become the core model to boost the high-quality development of vocational education. Student self-efficacy serves as a critical psychological variable connecting technological application and learning effectiveness, which directly affects vocational students’ skill acquisition and career development. Taking vocational colleges in Zhejiang as research subjects, this study conducts a systematic literature review, and integrates classic self-efficacy theories and empirical evidence to redefine the connotations of student self-efficacy and blended learning environment in vocational education scenarios. The study identifies the core influencing factors and multi-level formation mechanism of blended learning environment on student self-efficacy in the context of Zhejiang’s industry-education integration and post-course-competition-certificate system, and clarifies the theoretical contributions and practical implications of the research. It enriches the environment–psychology interaction framework in vocational education, and provides targeted strategies for optimizing blended learning design and improving student self-efficacy in Zhejiang’s vocational colleges.

IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT

2026-03-14T13:06:22+07:00

At present, global education is in a critical period of digital transformation. Cutting-edge technologies with artificial intelligence as the core are profoundly changing the overall development pattern of educational management. In the process of building China into a country strong in education, the innovative application and development of artificial intelligence have become an important supporting force, as well as a key starting point for advancing educational reform and improving the level of educational management. Through reviewing the literature, it is found that the application of artificial intelligence in educational management helps to improve management efficiency, make decision-making more scientific and reasonable, and promote the fairness of educational resource allocation. However, at the same time, we cannot ignore the problems faced, such as insufficient artificial intelligence literacy of some educational administrators who are difficult to use relevant technologies proficiently; financial pressure on some educational institutions leading to insufficient investment in technology application; high security risks to the data security of teachers and students, which raises the issue of data protection; in addition, many technologies are divorced from reality and difficult to solve practical problems. This study aims to provide references for promoting the deep integration of artificial intelligence and educational management, offer certain theoretical support and practical guidance for improving the modernization level of educational management, and provide experience for subsequent relevant research and practice.

STUDENT AFFAIRS GOVERNANCE IN MULTI-ETHNIC BORDERLAND COMPREHENSIVE UNIVERSITIES: CONTEXTUAL FEATURES AND OPTIMIZED PATHS IN YUNNAN, CHINA

2026-03-16T11:35:25+07:00

Student affairs management constitutes a core institutional support for talent cultivation, campus governance, and sustainable development of comprehensive universities, especially for those located in multi-ethnic borderland regions with distinctive regional and ethnic attributes. Grounded in student development theory, borderland governance theory, and contextual adaptation theory, this study adopts a systematic literature review methodology to synthesize existing empirical and conceptual studies, identify core influencing factors, theoretical contradictions, and research gaps of student affairs management in Yunnan’s comprehensive universities, and proposes evidence-based optimization strategies. Four pivotal factors are verified to shape the effectiveness of student affairs governance: multi-ethnic cultural adaptation, borderland governance orientation, resource allocation and digital governance, and multi-stakeholder collaborative governance. Through critical synthesis, this study finds that existing scholarship overemphasizes descriptive factor analysis but lacks critical examination of methodological limitations and contextual mismatches; meanwhile, empirical evidence on borderland student affairs governance remains fragmented. A sound cultural adaptation mechanism, clear borderland governance positioning, balanced resource support, and efficient collaborative governance collectively drive the high-quality development of student affairs management. Educational administrators and university practitioners are suggested to implement integrated governance strategies to enhance the contextual adaptability and professional level of student affairs management, and construct a student-centered and context-adapted governance system for borderland higher education.

AI COMPETENCY MODEL OF TEACHERS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION

2026-03-19T11:37:54+07:00

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into higher education has significantly transformed teaching practices and learning environments. As universities increasingly adopt AI technologies, the development of teachers’ AI competency has become a critical factor influencing educational effectiveness. This study provides a comprehensive literature review to synthesize existing research on AI competency in education and to propose a theoretical model tailored to higher education institutions in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. This review examines four key themes: theoretical foundations of AI competency, applications of AI in higher education, pedagogical frameworks including AI-TPACK and GenAI-TPACK, and institutional support for AI adoption. Through critical analysis and comparison of existing studies, this paper identifies AI competency as a multidimensional construct integrating technological literacy, pedagogical integration, ethical awareness, and reflective capacity. Unlike previous studies that primarily describe AI adoption or digital competence, this study contributes by synthesizing multiple theoretical perspectives into a unified conceptual framework. Based on this synthesis, a proposed AI competency model is developed, illustrating the relationships among institutional support, AI competency, TPACK, and teaching performance. The findings provide both theoretical contributions and practical implications for teacher professional development and intelligent education policy in higher education.

FACTORS INFLUENCING JOB PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL ENGLISH TEACHERS IN BEIJING

2026-03-19T11:46:18+07:00

This study examines how human resource management practices, professional development, digital competence, and work motivation influence the job performance of primary school English teachers in Beijing. For manuscript-development purposes, a demonstration dataset of 287 teacher responses was used to generate empirical tables and SPSS-style outputs. Reliability analysis showed satisfactory internal consistency across all constructs (Cronbach’s α = .861–.887). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was .914 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (χ² = 3475.720, df = 300, p < .001), indicating suitability for factor analysis. Correlation analysis showed that human resource management practices, professional development, digital competence, and work motivation were all positively related to job performance. Multiple regression analysis indicated that human resource management practices (β = .327, p < .001), professional development (β = .183, p < .001), digital competence (β = .258, p < .001), and work motivation (β = .212, p < .001) significantly predicted teachers’ job performance, explaining 49.3% of the variance. Moderation analysis further indicated that work motivation significantly strengthened the relationship between professional development and job performance (β = .087, p = .046).

FACTORS INFLUENCING ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATION EFFECTIVENESS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS: EVIDENCE FROM LIAONING PROVINCE, CHINA

2026-03-19T11:55:23+07:00

This study investigates how academic leadership, teacher professional development, and stakeholder participation shape academic administration effectiveness in primary schools in Liaoning Province, China, and whether educational technology integration serves as a mediating mechanism. A quantitative design was employed. Questionnaire data from 362 school administrators and teachers were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS. The measurement model showed acceptable reliability and construct validity (Cronbach's alpha = .85-.91; CR = .88-.93; AVE = .61-.72). The structural model also demonstrated satisfactory fit (chi-square/df = 2.48, CFI = .93, TLI = .92, RMSEA = .065). The results indicate that academic leadership (beta = .36, p < .001), teacher professional development (beta = .29, p < .01), and stakeholder participation (beta = .24, p < .01) each had significant positive effects on academic administration effectiveness. Academic leadership, teacher professional development, and stakeholder participation also positively predicted educational technology integration, which in turn was associated with stronger academic administration effectiveness (beta = .31, p < .001). Bootstrapping results suggest partial mediation through educational technology integration. The findings underline the importance of coupling instructional leadership with sustained teacher learning, participatory governance, and purposeful technology use in school administration.

COLLECTIVE TEACHER EFFICACY AND TEACHER PERFORMANCE IN RESOURCE-CONSTRAINED CONTEXTS: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL AND STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVE FROM MIDDLE SCHOOLS IN GUIZHOU PROVINCE

2026-03-19T11:51:09+07:00

This study explores collective teacher efficacy (CTE) as a multidimensional construct influencing teacher performance in resource-constrained contexts, with a focus on middle schools in Guizhou Province, China. Drawing on Bandura’s social cognitive theory and professional community research, the study develops a conceptual framework that captures the motivational, cognitive, collaborative, and normative mechanisms linking CTE to teacher performance. It further examines how structural conditions—such as resource inequality, accountability systems, and governance models—moderate this relationship. The findings suggest that improving teacher performance requires not only strengthening collective beliefs but also aligning them with institutional design. By integrating psychological and organizational perspectives, this article contributes to a context-sensitive understanding of CTE and offers practical insights for educational administration in underdeveloped regions.

CONSTRUCTION OF A COMPETENCY MODEL FOR GRADUATE ADVISORS

2026-03-22T10:52:19+07:00

The graduate advisor plays a pivotal role in shaping the academic and professional development of postgraduate students, yet a comprehensive competency model specific to graduate advising remains underdeveloped. This study aims to construct a competency model for graduate advisors through a mixed-methods approach. Drawing on competency theory and transformative learning frameworks, the research identifies key competency dimensions via literature analysis and semi-structured interviews with 15 expert graduate advisors. A subsequent Delphi study with 22 panelists validates the initial framework, and an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) survey with 30 advisors determines indicator weights. The resulting model comprises 5 primary dimensions—Professional Knowledge, Instructional Capacity, Mentoring Relationship, Personal Traits, and Reflective Development—encompassing 15 secondary indicators and 50 behavioral items. Findings reveal that Professional Knowledge and Instructional Capacity carry the highest weights (0.285 and 0.267 respectively), while Reflective Development is identified as a critical emerging dimension. The model provides a systematic tool for advisor recruitment, training, and evaluation, addressing a significant gap in graduate education research.

CAREER AWARENESS EDUCATION FOR CHINESE PRIMARY SCHOOLS

2026-03-22T10:57:48+07:00

Career awareness education in primary schools lays a foundational basis for students’ self-understanding,career interest,and lifelong career adaptability. Based on a systematic review of empirical studies,policy documents,and international practices,this paper synthesizes the theoretical underpinnings,policy frameworks,curriculum models,teacher development,and persistent challenges of primary school career awareness education in China and abroad. The review identifies a growing global consensus on the urgency of early career education,yet existing research remains fragmented,methodologically uneven,and limited by inadequate critical synthesis. Key findings reveal consistent constraints including the urban-rural resource gap,disjointed curriculum design,and insufficient teacher professional preparation. By comparing convergent and conflicting evidence across studies,this paper identifies critical research gaps,such as the lack of localized empirical evidence,long-term effect tracking,and standardized evaluation systems in the Chinese context. Accordingly,this study proposes a three-dimensional improvement framework derived from the synthesized evidence: advancing policy implementation toward resource equity; constructing age-appropriate and contextually embedded curriculum systems; and building a sustainable,multi-stakeholder-supported teacher training mechanism. High-quality career awareness education at the primary stage can effectively promote equitable talent development and support students’ sustained career growth.

FACTORS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AFFECTING THE OCCUPATIONAL WELL-BEING OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN CHINA

2026-03-22T11:02:15+07:00

In the context of modernizing educational governance and advancing high-quality basic education in China, primary school teachers' occupational well-being has become a key indicator of school organizational effectiveness. Organizational climate, as a critical contextual factor within school management, is closely associated with teachers' professional experiences. Drawing on the Job Demands–Resources theory, this study conducts a systematic review of the literature to examine the structural characteristics of organizational climate in Chinese primary schools and the dimensional features of teachers' occupational well-being. From a theoretical perspective, it explores the underlying mechanisms linking organizational climate to occupational well-being. The review reveals disparities across regions, urban–rural settings, and organizational dimensions. Resource-related factors tend to enhance teachers'occupational well-being, whereas excessive workload may undermine positive professional experiences. A structural alignment is observed between specific dimensions of organizational climate and corresponding aspects of occupational well-being. The study provides theoretical insights for optimizing school management and promoting teachers' occupational well-being, while identifying gaps in the current literature to inform future research.

SCHOOL-ENTERPRISE COOPERATION MODEL FOR VOCATIONAL COLLEGES IN HENAN PROVINCE

2026-03-22T11:06:47+07:00

This article provides a systematic literature review on school-enterprise cooperation models in vocational colleges within Henan Province, China. The review synthesizes findings from recent empirical and theoretical studies to examine how structured partnerships between vocational institutions and industry partners can enhance educational quality and graduate employability. The analysis is structured across four thematic areas: (1) the theoretical foundations of cooperation, including the Triple Helix, stakeholder, and co-creation frameworks; (2) the core components of effective models, such as curriculum co-development and dual tutor systems; (3) the implementation pathways and persistent challenges related to enterprise participation and governance; and (4) a synthesized research framework for the Henan context. The review critically evaluates the literature, revealing a strong consensus on the necessity of multi-dimensional integration but significant divergence in implementation effectiveness. Key gaps are identified, particularly the lack of systematic, longitudinal evaluations of partnership outcomes and a dearth of stakeholder-centered perspectives on collaboration challenges. The review concludes that while foundational policies are in place, sustainable cooperation requires more robust incentive mechanisms and adaptive governance structures. This review contributes a comprehensive synthesis of the field and proposes clear directions for future empirical inquiry.

A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF TEACHER MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION IN HIGHER VOCATIONAL EDUCATION: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW

2026-03-22T11:10:34+07:00

Teacher motivation and job satisfaction are critical determinants of institutional sustainability in higher vocational education, particularly amid industrial upgrading and digital transformation. This article conducts a systematic and critical review of existing literature on teacher motivation and job satisfaction in vocational education contexts, with the aim of identifying theoretical fragmentation and empirical gaps. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and the Job Demands–Resources model, the review reveals that prior studies often treat job satisfaction unidimensionally and lack integration of psychological, organizational, and technological factors. Based on these findings, the paper proposes a multidimensional theoretical framework in which job satisfaction is reconceptualized as a five-dimensional outcome embedded within institutional governance conditions. The framework integrates four interconnected domains: (1) psychological and motivational drivers, (2) compensation and welfare systems, (3) leadership and organizational culture, and (4) technological adaptation and digital integration. The study offers a context-sensitive model tailored to vocational education reform and provides directions for future empirical validation.

INNOVATIVE LEARNING MANAGEMENT FOR UNIVERSITY TEACHERS IN CHINA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS

2026-03-22T11:27:10+07:00

The quality of higher education in China increasingly depends on the capacity of university teachers to engage in innovative learning practices that integrate pedagogical innovation, digital transformation, and continuous professional development. This study presents a systematic literature review of innovative learning management for university teachers in China, with a focus on the specific contextual factors shaping teacher development in Chinese higher education institutions. Following a structured search of Chinese and international databases (CNKI, ERIC, Scopus) for publications between 2018 and 2026, 42 empirical studies were selected for in-depth analysis. The review identifies four core dimensions influencing teacher innovative learning: individual motivation (self-efficacy, professional identity), organizational support (institutional policies, resource allocation, leadership), professional community (collaborative networks, knowledge sharing), and technological empowerment (digital infrastructure, training). Findings reveal that while national policies have established a strong framework for teacher development, significant implementation gaps persist at the institutional level, particularly in local universities. The study proposes an integrated model of teacher innovative learning that captures the dynamic interactions among these four dimensions within the Chinese higher education context. The review concludes with implications for policy, institutional practice, and future research, emphasizing the need for context-sensitive approaches that align national reform goals with local institutional realities.

GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION IN RACHAWINIT SCHOOL UNDER THE BANGKOK PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE

2026-03-16T15:03:24+07:00

The objectives of this research were to: 1) the level of personnel administration in Rachawinit School under the Bangkok Primary Educational Service Area Office; 2) propose guidelines for developing the personnel administration in Rachawinit School under the Bangkok Primary Educational Service Area Office. The respondents were school administrators and teachers total 118 persons. The research instruments were questionnaires and semi-structured questionnaires for in-depth interviews. The statistic used for analyzing were the percentage, mean, standard deviation. For the qualitative research, the content analysis was conducted using in-depth interviews with 5 experts in educational administration and school administration. The research found that 1) School administrators’ leadership refers to the role of administrators in establishing a clear vision and direction for school development, as well as promoting the professional growth and capacity development of teachers and educational personnel. 2) Educational organizational culture emphasizes that schools should cultivate shared values and a working environment that encourages collaboration, knowledge sharing, and teamwork among teachers and staff. 3) Personnel participation means that teachers and staff should be provided with opportunities to participate in planning, decision-making, and the implementation of school activities, which helps strengthen their sense of ownership and responsibility toward the organization. 4) Work motivation of personnel involves encouraging motivation in performing duties, such as recognizing outstanding performance, supporting professional career advancement, and creating a positive and supportive working environment. And 5) External support factors include support from the supervising educational authorities, community, parents, and related organizations to collaboratively support and develop personnel administration in schools, ultimately leading to the sustainable improvement of educational quality

GUIDELINES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE ANNUAL ACTION PLAN OF THE BANGPU SCHOOL CLUSTER UNDER THE OFFICE OF SAMUT PRAKAN PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE ARE

2026-03-17T15:26:23+07:00

This research aimed 1) to investigate problems in the administration of the annual action plans of the Bangpu school Cluster under the Office of Samut Prakan Primary Educational Service Area 1, and 2) to propose guidelines for improving such administration. The sample consisted of 100 school administrators and teachers in the academic year 2025, selected through simple random sampling based on the sample size determination table of Krejcie and Morgan. The research instruments included a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and in-depth interview protocols. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.894. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The quantitative findings revealed that overall problems in annual action plan administration were at a moderate level (x ̅= 2.52, S.D. = 1.19). Among the dimensions examined, opportunities and development approaches recorded the highest mean score, followed by obstacles and challenges in plan administration (x ̅= 2.55, S.D. = 1.18), annual action plan formulation (x ̅= 2.54, S.D. = 1.25), and strategies for plan implementation (x ̅= 2.54, S.D. = 1.23). Monitoring and evaluation obtained the lowest mean score (x ̅= 2.39, S.D. = 1.14). The qualitative findings indicated that major issues included the lack of systematic policy translation into practice, limitations in evidence-based decision-making, insufficient participation of teachers and educational personnel, and constraints in budget, human resources, and time, all of which negatively affected the effectiveness of annual action plan implementation.

DIGITAL LEADERSHIP OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

2026-03-25T12:04:56+07:00

This research aimed to: 1) examine the level of digital leadership among school administrators in secondary schools, and 2) compare digital leadership based on personal factors, including gender, age, educational level, and work experience. The sample consisted of 260 school administrators and teachers in the Benjawirot Consortium under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 2, selected through stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a five-point rating scale questionnaire with high reliability. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed that: 1) the overall level of digital leadership among school administrators was at a high level, and all aspects were also at a high level; and 2) there were no statistically significant differences in digital leadership when classified by gender, age, educational level, and work experience at the .05 level.