FACTORS INFLUENCING PREGNANCY DECISIONS AMONG ADVANCED MATERNAL AGE WOMEN IN THAILAND

Abstract

Postponed parenthood is a significant factor contributing to demographic issues, particularly the low fertility rate and declining birth rates. This trend has been continuously increasing and has widespread social implications, especially regarding the health risks and social challenges faced by women. The risks associated with high-risk pregnancy, age-related fertility decline, and issues tied to late pregnancies have become more pronounced. This study aims to investigate factors influencing the delay of childbirth and reproductive choices based on Social Ecological Model and to propose policy recommendations for improving welfare systems. The findings reveal that 1) Individual factors including attitudes toward childbearing, perceived readiness, and age-related limitations and 2) Interpersonal factors, including age and support of family members, influence pregnancy decision making. While organizational, community, and public policy factors, which reflect broader structural issues such as limited welfare coverage, inequality, and inadequate support, contribute to delayed pregnancy. The study recommends an integrated social welfare policy framework that enhances social protection and social support systems, promoting reconciliation of work and family life and culture for gender equality within families and encouraging active participation from organizations and communities to support childbearing and childrearing. Addressing these structural and cultural factors is essential for fostering reproductive confidence and improving demographic sustainability.