An Interpretation of Kamma According to Buddhist Principles among the Community of Mueang Phia Subdistrict, Ban Phai District, Khon Kaen Province

Abstract

This research aimed to (1) examine the concept of kamma as presented in Buddhist scriptures, (2) analyze the beliefs and behavioral expressions related to kamma within the community, and (3) investigate the interpretation of kamma in accordance with Buddhist principles in the community context. This study employed a qualitative research approach, integrating documentary study with field data collection. The population and sample consisted of 35 key informants, including monks, religious scholars, community leaders, local sages, and members of the public from different age groups, selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and non-participant observation. Data were analyzed using content analysis and presented through descriptive methods.

The findings revealed that: (1) the concept of kamma in Buddhist scriptures affirms that intention (cetanā) is the essence of kamma, which can be classified into wholesome (kusala-kamma), unwholesome (akusala-kamma), and indeterminate states (avyākata-dhamma), and is expressed through bodily, verbal, and mental actions; (2) community beliefs and behaviors regarding kamma reflect a syncretic integration between Buddhist doctrines and local folk beliefs. The belief in kamma functions as a normative mechanism that regulates social behavior, both by discouraging undesirable actions and encouraging virtuous conduct, while rituals are employed as symbolic tools to enhance psychological stability; and (3) interpretations of kamma vary across generations. Elderly and working-age groups tend to associate kamma with past lives, whereas younger individuals emphasize cause-and-effect relationships in the present. Nevertheless, all groups share a common understanding that intention is the fundamental determinant of kamma, and that individuals are capable of transforming the outcomes of kamma through present actions. The study recommends promoting accurate understanding of kamma based on Buddhist principles at both community and educational levels, as well as supporting the appropriate integration of Buddhist teachings with socio-cultural contexts in order to strengthen morality, ethics, and sustainable community resilience.