Models of Conservation and Promotion of Lanna Dharma Chests as Cultural Heritage

Abstract

This article has three main objectives: 1) to study the belief systems associated with Lanna Dharma chests as cultural heritage 2) to examine the contexts, problems, and current
conservation of Lanna Dharma chests in six temples within the study area; and 3) to propose models for the conservation and promotion of Lanna Dharma chests as cultural heritage.

Research Methodology This study adopts a qualitative research design and employs three methods: documentary research, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The sample and its size consist of 18 key informants from temples in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, and
Lampang Provinces.

The findings reveal that: 1) Lanna dharma chests are containers for the Tipiṭaka and palm-leaf manuscripts. They reflect beliefs in merit-making and the perpetuation of Buddhism, originating from the dissemination of Buddhism into the Lanna region and developing into a
distinctive local art form. Their creation relies on the skills of carpentry, woodcarving, lacquer
gilding, and intricate Lai Rod Nam decoration. They are used in religious ceremonies as sacred symbols, and the tradition of making and using dharma chests has been transmitted through temples, communities, and local craftsmen. Although they are currently facing deterioration and a decline in successors, they still retain significant value as cultural heritage that must be preserved. 2) Field surveys reveal that Lanna dharma chests display a wide range of forms, such as vernacular Lanna types and hybrid forms that combine local and Ayutthaya artistic influences. Most are
primarily wooden, decorated with simple local motifs, while other chests are adorned with carved ornament, gilded lacquer, Lai Rod Nam patterns, and colored glass inlays. However, many chests are in a state of decay, with peeling or faded surfaces, lack continuous restoration, and are not stored appropriately. 3) The proposed models for the conservation and promotion of Lanna dharma chests as cultural heritage consist of two main approaches (1) Conservation models – creating registries and digital databases, establishing learning centers and museums, and mobilizing funding from all sectors; and (2) Promotion models – disseminating knowledge through digital media and creative exhibitions, developing contemporary forms of dharma chests, and advocating for their registration as cultural heritage at both national and international levels.