Offering Sacrifices to Khunnam Spirit : Dimensions of Buddhism

Abstract

This academic article aims to explore the practice of Khun Nam spirit worship in the context of Buddhism. The findings reveal that Khun Nam spirit worship was a traditional form of water and tree conservation practiced by ancient Lanna communities who relied on agriculture for their livelihood. These communities believed that guardian deities held sway over water abundance, and they identified these deities as ìKhun Nam spirits of the headwaters.î Consequently, annual rituals were performed to appease these spirits and ensure bountiful harvests. Buddhism, as a social institution, played a crucial role in educating and nurturing the moral compass of its adherents, guiding them towards compassion for fellow humans, nature, and the environment. Drawing upon the principles enshrined in the Tripitaka, Buddhism instilled in communities an understanding of nature and a sense of shared responsibility for its conservation. This legacy has endured, shaping a beautiful tradition that aligns with the cultural values of watershed protection, where Khun Nam spirits are revered as guardians of water sources.