A Model for Developing Temple Schools Using Buddhist Philosophy for Educational Sustainability

Abstract

This research investigates the development of a comprehensive model for temple schools in Thailand that integrates Buddhist philosophy with modern educational sustainability principles. Temple schools (Wat schools) have historically played a crucial role in Thai education, serving as centers of learning and moral development for centuries. However, contemporary challenges including rapid globalization, technological advancement, and shifting social values have created significant pressures on these traditional institutions. This study employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative case studies of twelve successful temple schools across Thailand with quantitative surveys of 450 stakeholders including monks, teachers, students, and community members. The research aims to identify key success factors, develop an operational framework, and establish sustainability indicators for temple school development. Findings reveal that successful temple schools demonstrate five critical dimensions: spiritual-academic integration (combining Buddhist teachings with national curriculum requirements), community engagement mechanisms, sustainable resource management, teacher development programs rooted in Buddhist pedagogy, and adaptive leadership structures. The resulting Temple School Development Model (TSDM) provides a structured framework incorporating eight components: philosophical foundation, curriculum integration, human resource development, physical infrastructure, financial sustainability, community partnership, quality assurance, and cultural preservation. Statistical analysis demonstrates significant positive correlations between Buddhist philosophy integration and student well-being (r=0.78, p<0.001), academic performance (r=0.65, p<0.01), and community satisfaction (r=0.82, p<0.001). The model offers practical guidelines for temple schools seeking to balance traditional Buddhist values with contemporary educational demands while ensuring long-term sustainability.