Buddhist Innovations for Enhancing Lifelong Learning Skills of the Elderly in The Isan Way of Life

Abstract

This research aimed to: (1) examine the characteristics and forms of Buddhist innovations appropriate for developing lifelong learning skills among older adults within the Isan (Northeastern Thai) way of life; (2) investigate the process of integrating Buddhist innovations with local cultural activities and traditions; and (3) evaluate both the process and outcomes of implementing such Buddhist innovations. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using a mixed-methods design. The quantitative sample consisted of 248 older adults from model elderly schools in Khon Kaen, Kalasin, Maha Sarakham, and Roi Et provinces. The qualitative data was obtained from 18 key informants. Research instruments included questionnaires, semi-structured interview guides, and evaluation forms assessing the process and outcomes of innovation implementation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.

The findings revealed that: (1) the most appropriate Buddhist innovation was the integration of the Four Determinations (Adhiṭṭhāna 4), comprising learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together harmoniously, and learning to be for a quality life; (2) the integration process was systematic, utilizing Isan culture and traditions as learning bases and emphasizing participation from monks and community members; and (3) the evaluation results indicated that the innovation was appropriate and practically applicable, yielding positive effects on the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and social relationships of older adults. The new knowledge derived from this research is a Buddhist Innovation Model for developing lifelong learning skills among older adults in the Isan context. This model can serve as a prototype for further application in community-based education and for promoting sustainable policies in an aging society.