Mechanisms of Enhancing Access to Basic Rights for Stateless Persons in Ban Kaeng Sai Mun, Mae Ai District, Chiang Mai Province

Abstract

This research article aims to: (1) examine the current conditions regarding stateless persons’ access to basic rights, (2) develop a model that promotes such access, and (3) construct and evaluate mechanisms that facilitate the exercise of rights among stateless persons in Kaeng Sai Mool Village, Mae Ai District, Chiang Mai Province. The study employed a qualitative research design, combining documentary analysis with participatory action research. Data collection instruments included semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion guides. The key informants consisted of 32 participants: community leaders, representatives from government and private sectors, and both experienced and inexperienced stateless persons in navigating access to rights. Data were gathered through field observation, in-depth interviews, and group discussions, and subsequently analyzed using inductive content analysis.

The findings revealed three critical insights. First, stateless persons in Kaeng Sai Mool Village face significant barriers in accessing fundamental rights particularly in education, healthcare, mobility, and employment. Individuals without national identification numbers, or those with IDs beginning with digits “6” and “7,” remain legally restricted, with additional challenges arising from language barriers, limited understanding of bureaucratic processes, and insufficient awareness of their entitlements. Second, the development of an access model emphasized empowering community roles, providing training through local languages, and producing bilingual knowledge handbooks, with strong involvement of community leaders. These measures enhanced community members’ awareness of their rights and their confidence in engaging with government agencies. Third, the creation of effective mechanisms relied on multi-sectoral participation, particularly from local leadership and civil society networks. The developed mechanisms included rights education, support for legal verification of personal status, and continuous dialogue platforms for problem-sharing. Such mechanisms fostered knowledge and confidence, reduced fear in interacting with state authorities, and strengthened trust between communities and government institutions. Ultimately, these outcomes highlight essential factors for sustainable access to rights and can inform future policy recommendations for promoting the rights of stateless persons in other regions.