Populist Policies and Their Impact on Thailand’s Political Stability: Structural Perspectives and Power Dynamics

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the impacts of populist policies on political stability in Thailand over the past two decades through the lenses of political science and political economy. It examines both the positive and negative effects of populist policies implemented by successive governments, including those led by Thaksin Shinawatra, Yingluck Shinawatra, and Prayut Chan-o-cha. In-depth case studies are presented to compare the outcomes of populist policies in different periods, while also considering the roles of political institutions, checks and balances, and political culture in shaping political stability and vulnerability.The findings indicate that populist policies play a significant role in generating short-term popularity and expanding electoral bases by addressing the needs of grassroots populations through the distribution of welfare and public services, such as the “30 Baht Universal Healthcare” scheme and the “State Welfare Card.” However, these policies often face sustainability challenges due to a lack of strategic planning and transparent management, resulting in fiscal vulnerabilities and political instability in the long term. Additionally, divisive rhetoric and the concentration of power exacerbate social conflicts and weaken political accountability mechanisms.