Structural Failure and Construction Management: Lessons from the State Audit Office Building Collapse in Thailand

Abstract

This article examines the collapse of the State Audit Office (SAO) building in Thailand to analyze the factors contributing to structural failure, project management deficiencies, and gaps in legal and regulatory oversight. Engineering analysis revealed that design inconsistencies, uneven placement of columns and beams, and substandard construction materials contributed to a progressive collapse that propagated throughout the building. Project management shortcomings, including inadequate risk management frameworks, poor communication among contractors, engineers, and oversight agencies, and time and budget pressures, significantly increased the likelihood of failure. The study emphasizes the importance of legal and regulatory enforcement, including independent review, adherence to engineering and material standards, and clear assignment of responsibilities among stakeholders to prevent structural failures. The adoption of digital technologies, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), can enhance real-time structural monitoring, improve material quality control, and reduce the risk of damage. Finally, the article highlights the need to cultivate a safety culture within organizations, training personnel and engineers to recognize structural risks and comply with preventive measures. Integrating engineering practices, project management, and regulatory compliance ensures safer construction projects in Thailand, mitigates risks to life and property, and strengthens public confidence and societal trust.