Decentralization of Education Policy and Educational Inequality in Thailand

Abstract

Decentralization in education is considered one of the key policies implemented to improve and develop Thailand’s education system. The main objective of this policy is to enhance the efficiency of educational management at the local level and reduce educational disparities between regions. This policy aims to provide local authorities with more power in managing education by granting them decision-making authority regarding resource allocation, budgeting, and school management, which enables them to respond more effectively to the needs of their communities.The impact of educational decentralization on educational inequality in Thailand is analyzed by examining both the positive and negative effects of this policy. The advantages of decentralizing education include empowering local authorities to make decisions and improve educational management in accordance with the specific needs of their area. Decentralization also allows for greater community involvement in local education decisions, fostering a sense of ownership and enhancing cooperation from the community.

However, there are limitations to educational decentralization that contribute to continuing educational inequality, particularly concerning the unequal distribution of resources. This discrepancy leads to some areas having greater access to educational resources and opportunities than others. Additionally, the lack of skilled personnel to manage education in certain areas presents a significant obstacle to progress. Decentralization also results in disparities in education quality between regions, depending on the management capabilities of local administrative bodies (local government organizations, or APT), which vary in their ability to administer education effectively. Thus, there is a need to propose measures to improve the educational decentralization policy to better reduce educational inequality. Suggestions include revising the process of budget allocation to make it more equitable and aligned with the needs of different localities. Furthermore, improving the capacity of local education personnel to effectively manage education is crucial. Encouraging collaboration between the government, local authorities, and civil society in developing and evaluating policies is also important. Integrating cooperation from all sectors will strengthen the education system, ensuring that it is equitable and can truly meet the needs of all population groups.