The Influence of Political Parties on Public Policy Formation in Thailand: A Structural and Power Dynamics Analysis

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the role and influence of political parties in shaping public policy in Thailand, critically examining structural and political process issues affecting national policy development. Using political science and public policy frameworks, the study highlights the impacts of a fragile party system, clientelism, and power struggles focused more on accumulating power and particularistic interests than on serving the public good. Findings indicate that political parties in Thailand often use public policy as a political tool to maintain and expand their electoral base by distributing benefits to targeted groups. This practice leads to discontinuity and lack of sustainability in policies, reducing policy effectiveness and increasing political uncertainty. Moreover, internal and inter-party conflicts, along with the influence of vested interests, pose significant challenges to transparent and participatory policy-making processes. The article proposes policy recommendations to strengthen political parties and the political system in Thailand by reforming internal party structures, enhancing checks and balances, and promoting greater public participation. These measures aim to foster transparent, effective, and responsive policy-making processes that genuinely address societal needs. This study aspires to contribute to raising awareness and supporting sustainable reforms in Thailand’s political system and public policy.