Journal of Mahayana voice

A DEVELOPMENT MODEL FOR ADMINISTRATIVE SKILLS OF SANGHA AFFAIRS IN THE 21ST CENTURY FOR SANGHA ADMINISTRATORS IN ECCLESIASTICAL REGION 14

Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to analyze the skills supporting the efficiency of Sangha administration among Sangha administrators in Sangha Region 14, and to identify guidelines for developing 21st-century administrative skills and establishing networks to drive effective administration. A mixed-method research methodology was used, combining both quantitative and qualitative methods. The qualitative sample consisted of 15 Sangha administrators who provided key information through in-depth interviews and 9 focus group discussions, totaling 24 participants. The quantitative study employed a sample of 400 Sangha administrators from Sangha Region 14, selected using a multi-stage sampling method.

The results of the study revealed that key skills influencing Sangha administration included (1) leadership and management skills, (2) community development and networking skills, and (3) digital technology and innovation skills. All of these factors directly impact the work of the Sangha in the 21st-century context. The evaluation of these indicators revealed that Sangha administrators had the highest level of administrative knowledge and understanding (mean 4.5, SD = 0.7), while their digital technology skills were excellent (mean 4.2, SD = 0.9). However, there were still differences between sample groups. Networking was moderate (mean 3.8, SD = 1.1), and risk management was the lowest indicator (mean 3.5, SD = 1.3), demonstrating the urgent need for networking development. Effective Sangha administration requires cooperation from networks within the Sangha, government, and educational institutions, as well as civil society and the private sector, with information technology as a key tool. This process should be based on participation, standardized management systems, and transparency. Therefore, the development of 21st-century administrative skills should be integrated, combining knowledge in management, leadership, digital technology, risk management, and networking to enable the Sangha to adapt and operate effectively in a rapidly changing social context.

DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH BUDDHIST VIRTUAL SMART CLASSROOM IN LIFELONG LEARNING

Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The research titled “Development of English Buddhist Virtual Smart Classroom in Lifelong Learning” employed a Research and Development (R&D) design. The study utilized documentary research through an analysis of relevant academic documents and legal frameworks, along with qualitative research methods including in-depth interviews with 15 participants, focus group discussions with 9 participants, and data collection from 30 learners who engaged in classroom activities.

The research findings are as follows:

1) The intelligent English program classroom facilitated easier access to learning content, encouraged analytical thinking, and promoted the integration of Buddhist principles in English for daily life application by blending traditional Buddhist teachings with modern technology.

2) The system allowed learners to select topics of interest such as meditation, Buddhist history, and cultural heritage. Teaching Buddhist doctrines in English became more effective through simulated real-life situations, emphasizing communication skills, the practical use of Buddhist terminology, and weekly self-assessment for reflection.

3) The evaluation of the system showed that learners’ average post-test scores were significantly higher than pre-test scores at the .05 level, confirming the effectiveness of the intelligent classroom in enhancing learning outcomes.

4) The system presented an integrated model, combining videos, audio, illustrations, and exercises in a single platform. Learning activities emphasized Buddhist vocabulary, conversation practice, and continuous progress monitoring.

Policy Recommendation: Educational institutions should adopt and implement the intelligent English program classroom on Buddhism as a means to support lifelong learning. This system can enhance learners’ moral values, knowledge, and digital and language competencies, thereby equipping them with skills for international communication in the modern era.

A PROBLEMS TO TRANSFORMATIVE POWER: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SCHOLARS AND COMMUNITY LEARNING IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Sorawut Suesaetasit ; Phudsadee Saiwong — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This qualitative research article aims to: 1) examine the integration process of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) with 21^st century skills to enhance the potential of public administration students in community-based learning; and 2) analyze the new roles, positive outcomes, and changes experienced by students, public administration, and the community following the use of participatory active learning processes. The target group comprises eight first-year public administration students enrolled in the "21^st Century Learning Skills Development " course at Nan Community College in academic year of 2025. Research instruments include semi-structured in-depth interviews and non-participant observation.

The findings indicate that integrating PBL with 21^stcentury skills significantly enhances the capabilities of public administration students. Students effectively apply theoretical knowledge to real community situations, particularly in critical thinking, creativity, problem-solving, teamwork, and communication. Furthermore, they develop a deep understanding of social contexts and public policies, along with a strong sense of social responsibility. This approach also fosters social networking and collaboration for sustainable problem-solving. However, limitations were identified concerning community contextual differences and coordination challenges, necessitating strategic improvements to increase the effectiveness and sustainability of this process in the future.

ESPORTS PERFORMANCE: AN ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIORAL AND MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ESPORTS COMPETITION AMONG BANGKOK THONBURI UNDERGRADUATES

Chanaphorn Panyakanphon, Khajonsak Khanchai — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research is an exploratory research with aims to examine the Behaviors and Motivations in Esports Competitions that contribute to the Esports Performance of Undergraduate Students at Bangkok Thonburi University. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering demographics, competitive behaviors, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, and both objective and subjective performance indicators. The sample comprised 405 students with prior experience in Arena of Valor (ROV) across three academic disciplines. Results showed that competitive behaviors were generally high, particularly in emotional regulation and game analysis, while health-related behaviors were less emphasized. Motivation was also high, with intrinsic factors exerting a stronger positive effect on performance than extrinsic ones. Regression analysis confirmed intrinsic motivation as a significant predictor, whereas competitive behavior alone was not decisive but acted as a mediator linking motivation to performance. Subjective performance was rated high, especially in teamwork and psychological resilience, while objective performance was moderate, marked by strong win rates but lower KDA ratios and reaction times. Overall, the findings highlight intrinsic motivation and disciplined daily practice as key drivers of esports performance, offering practical implications for universities and stakeholders in designing sustainable support and development strategies for student esports athletes.

COMPONENTS OF ACADEMIC LEADERSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY FOR SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS OF THE KRUNG THON TAI GROUP IN DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION BANGKOK METROPOLITAN ADMINISTRATION

Pailin Paethongkum; Thada Siththada — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this research were: 1) to study the level of academic leadership in the 21st century of school administrators under the Krung Thon Tai Group, Office of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration; and 2) to identify the components of academic leadership in the 21st century. This quantitative research employed a sample of 346 school administrators and teachers selected using Krejcie and Morgan's sampling table. The research instrument was a questionnaire, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The research findings revealed that the level of academic leadership among school administrators was high. The exploratory factor analysis identified five major components of academic leadership in the 21st century: 1) teacher and personnel development, 2) creation of a learning culture, 3) vision, mission, and goal setting, 4) use of technology and learning resources, and 5) curriculum and instructional management. The results of this study can be applied as a guideline for enhancing academic leadership among school administrators to improve educational quality in response to the demands of the 21st century.

HOMICIDAL NECROPHILIA: PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND BUDDHIST ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES FOR TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

Anuphon Maneerut; Sarawut Chantana, Narunee Srisuk, Theerayut Rakprathet — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Homicidal necrophilia, a severe form of sexual disorder involving sexual desire toward corpses combined with murder, causes significant psychological, ethical, and social problems. This research aims to analyze the psychological factors of homicidal necrophilia from the ethical perspective of Buddhism and to examine its consistency or conflict with Buddhist teachings on death, desire, and morality, in order to propose approaches for treatment and prevention. The study investigates psychological factors driving such behavior, including unresolved psychological trauma, personality disorders, and mental illnesses, alongside Buddhist teachings on death, desire, and morality. The findings indicate that individuals with homicidal necrophilia often exhibit violent tendencies combined with sexual deviance, posing a threat to societal safety. Buddhist ethics, emphasizing impermanence, non-harm, and detachment, offer a specific framework to understand and address these behaviors with compassion. This integrated approach suggests therapeutic opportunities, such as meditation and mindfulness practices alongside traditional psychological therapies. The research integrates interdisciplinary methods, combining psychological treatment, ethical education, and legal measures to manage and rehabilitate individuals exhibiting homicidal necrophilia. It bridges the gap between forensic psychology and spiritual ethics, proposing new preventive and therapeutic strategies for this rare yet severe disorder.

DEVELOP LEARNING SKILLS IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT WITH THE FOUR BRAHMAVIHĀRAS FOR EMPLOYEES IN BANGKOK, USING BLUE OCEAN INTERTRADE AS A CASE STUDY

Pireeya Yawinncharmm — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The research entitled “The Development of Learning Skills in Personnel Management through the Four Brahmavihāras for Employees in Bangkok: A Case Study of Blue Ocean Intertrade Co., Ltd.” had three objectives: 1) To study the development of learning skills in personnel management through the Four Brahmavihāras for employees in Bangkok, 2) To analyze such development classified by personal factors, and 3) To propose guidelines for enhancing learning skills in personnel management through the Four Brahmavihāras.

This study employed a Mixed Method Research design. For the qualitative part, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 key informants. For the quantitative part, questionnaires were distributed to 120 employees of Blue Ocean Intertrade Co., Ltd., representing the entire population. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, f-test, and one-way ANOVA, including LSD for pairwise comparison at the .05 significance level. Open-ended questionnaire responses were also analyzed. Findings: Quantitative analysis revealed that the overall level of learning skill development in personnel management through the Four Brahmavihāras was at the highest level ( = 4.59, S.D. = 0.342). Ranked from highest to lowest, the dimensions were sympathetic joy (muditā) and equanimity (upekkhā) ( = 4.72, S.D. = 0.321), loving-kindness (mettā) ( = 4.48, S.D. = 0.557), and compassion (karuṇā) ( = 4.40, S.D. = 0.553). Comparison across personal factors—gender, age, educational background, and work experience—showed no statistically significant differences, thereby rejecting the stated hypothesis. Qualitative results further explained that the application of the Four Brahmavihāras in organizational practices fostered polite, gentle, and fair communication, strengthened teamwork, and enhanced mutual encouragement. Leaders were identified as key role models in mindfulness and moral conduct, creating a sustainable organizational culture. However, a key issue remained: some employees lacked constructive communication skills, leading to misunderstandings in coordination. Recommended solutions included conducting workshops on compassionate and empathetic communication to reduce conflicts, improve understanding, and strengthen workplace relationships.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that developing learning skills in personnel management through the Four Brahmavihāras can significantly enhance work quality and foster a supportive organizational atmosphere, particularly when both personal awareness and systemic organizational support are integrated.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICS LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT ON TRIANGLE USING COOPERATIVE LEARNING STAD TECHNIQUE WITH THE GEOMETER’S SKETCHPAD PROGRAM (GSP) FOR PRATHOMSUKSA 6

Malitra Poensanthia; Alongkot Yawai — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this research were: 1) to compare the mathematics achievement on the topic of triangles before and after implementing cooperative learning activities using the STAD technique combined with the GSP program for Prathomsuksa 6, 2) to compare the mathematics achievement on the topic of triangles after implementing cooperative learning activities using the STAD technique combined with the GSP program for Prathomsuksa 6 with 70 percent criterion, 3) to examines the satisfaction of Prathomsuksa 6 toward the cooperative learning activities using the STAD technique combined with the GSP program. The sample group consisted of 18 Prathomsuksa 6 in the second semester of the 2024 academic year at Chomthongwitthaya School, under Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. The sample was selected through cluster random sampling. The research instruments included: 1) a lesson plan for the Mathematics unit “Triangles” ; 2) a pretest and posttest ; and 3) a student satisfaction questionnaire. Data analysis involved calculating mean scores, standard deviations, and the normality of the data distribution was tested, which indicated a normal distribution of scores. Hypothesis testing was conducted using paired sample t-tests and one-sample t-tests. The research employed a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design.

The findings revealed that the mathematics achievement of Prathomsuksa 6 after using the cooperative learning activities using the STAD technique combined with the GSP program was significantly higher than before the intervention at the .05 level of statistical significance. (pretest mean = 10.28, posttest mean = 23.72). The mathematics achievement of Prathomsuksa 6 was significantly higher than the criterion at the .05 level. (posttest mean = 23.72 Percentage = 79.07). Students’ satisfaction with the cooperative learning activities using the STAD technique combined with the GSP program was at the highest level of satisfaction., with an overall average score of 4.76 (standard deviations = 0.43).

FASHION CLOTHING PURCHASING BEHAVIOR OF REGULAR PROGRAM STUDENTS AT VALAYA ALONGKORN RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY UNDER THE ROYAL PATRONAGE, PATHUM THANI PROVINCE, THROUGH ONLINE PLATFORMS

pornjira chanthong; Wareerat Sampatpong — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to (1) study the online fashion clothing purchasing behavior of students at Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Pathum Thani Province, and (2) investigate the online marketing factors influencing their fashion clothing purchasing decisions. The sample group consisted of 373 regular program students from Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Pathum Thani Province. A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool, and statistical analyses included frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

The research findings indicate that regular program students at Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage exhibit clear online fashion clothing purchasing behaviors, primarily favoring popular platforms such as Instagram (46.91) and TikTok (44.23). Regarding product, price, distribution channels, and marketing promotion, the researcher developed a model, presented as a "Platform" diagram, to illustrate the fashion clothing purchasing behavior of regular program students at Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage through online platforms. This model aims to help entrepreneurs understand consumer behavior and adjust their marketing strategies, providing guidance for developing businesses selling fashion clothing across various platforms, as well as for those interested in this industry.

FACTORS AFFECTING MOTIVATION TO READ ENTERTAINMENT HEADLINES AMONG PRIVATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PATHUM THANI PROVINCE

SUPACHAI PANTAWONG; WONGWIT MUENTHEP, BUSAKORN WATTANABUT — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to: (1) examine the motivation for reading entertainment news headlines among students at private universities in Pathum Thani Province, and (2) investigate the factors influencing such motivation. The sample group consisted of 400 students from private universities in Pathum Thani Province, selected through convenience sampling. The research instrument employed was a questionnaire, and the statistical methods used included mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis.

The research findings revealed that: (1) the overall motivation to read entertainment news headlines among private university students in Pathum Thani Province was at the highest level. When considering each dimension, the highest mean score was found in the domain of perception and learning, followed by psychological, behavioral, and habitual dimensions, while the lowest mean score was found in the socio-cultural dimension. (2) The factors influencing the motivation to read entertainment news headlines included the variable of headline attractiveness (X1) (β = .181), information perception competency (X2) (β = .171), reading context of entertainment news headlines (X3) (β = .316), and environmental context of entertainment news headlines (X4) (β = .299), where the context of reading entertainment headlines has the greatest influence.

DEVELOPMENT OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AND LEARNING SATISFACTION IN THE OCCUPATIONAL WORK SUBJECT ON HANDICRAFTS FOR GRADE 2 STUDENTS USING HARROW’S PSYCHOMOTOR TEACHING MODEL COMBINED WITH PRACTICE EXERCISES

Piyawan Tholaeng; Alongkot Yawai, Chitapol Deekoontod — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this research were: 1) to study the practical skills in the Occupational Work subject on handicrafts of Grade 2 students after implementing Harrow's psychomotor teaching model combined with practice exercises, using a 75% criterion; 2) to examine the level of quality of students’ handicraft products after using the model; and 3) to investigate the level of students' satisfaction with learning through Harrow's psychomotor teaching model combined with practice exercises. The sample consisted of Grade 2 students from Sunthornwatthana School, selected through cluster random sampling. The research instruments included lesson plans; a practice exercises; a practical skills assessment form; a product quality assessment form; and a student satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The findings revealed that: 1) the students’ practical skills in handicrafts were significantly higher than the 75 percent criterion at the .05 level; 2) the quality of students’ handicraft products after using the model was at a very good level ( = 3.64, S.D. = 0.48); and 3) the students’ satisfaction with learning through Harrow’s psychomotor teaching model combined with practice exercises was at the highest level ( = 4.70, S.D. = 0.43).

FACTORS AFFECTING THE TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS UNDER THE OFFICE OF BURIRUM PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE 1

Sunita Aryamueang; Banjob Boonchan — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this research were to 1) examine the transformational leadership of school administrators, 2) investigate the factors influencing transformational leadership, and 3) develop a predictive equation of such factors under the Office of Buriram Primary Educational Service Area 1. The sample consisted of 327 administrators and teachers. Data were collected through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, which was validated with an Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) index ranging from 0.80-1.00, and reliability coefficients ranging from 0.934 to 0.958. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The research results were found that the overall level of transformational leadership among school administrators and its related factors was at the highest level. However, stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the factors significantly influencing transformational leadership were participatory management, emotional intelligence, communication, vision setting, becoming a learning organization, and serving as a role model. The resulting prediction equation was able to explain 85.5% of the variance in transformational leadership and could be formulated both in terms of raw scores and standardized scores as follows:

The regression equations of the raw score

= 0.288 + .227 (X₃) + .208 (X₅) + .177 (X₈) + .130 (X₁) + .105 (X₄) + .087 (X₆)

The regression equations of points in the form of standard score

y = 0.252 (X₃) + 0.225 (X₅) + 0.208 (X₈) + 0.135 (X₁) + 0.108 (X₄) + 0.100 (X₆)

THE GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING HAPPINESS IN DIGITAL WORK OF TEACHERS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS UNDER THE AYUTTHAYA PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE 1

Nutthporn Sirirueang; Chaiyos Dessura, Weearphat Phattharakul — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to: (1) Study the level of digital-era work happiness among teachers in schools under the Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area Office 1; (2) Propose guidelines for enhancing digital-era work happiness among teachers in schools under the same office. The study was conducted in two phases: Phase 1: Investigated the current level of work happiness in the digital era among teachers. The sample consisted of 314 teachers selected from a total population of 1,720 teachers using the Krejcie and Morgan sampling table. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Phase 2: Proposed guidelines for enhancing work happiness in the digital era, based on in-depth interviews with 7 purposively selected experts. The research tool was a structured interview, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. The results revealed that:

The overall and aspect-specific levels of work happiness in the digital era among teachers in schools under the Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 were found to be at a high level (𝑥̅ = 4.41, S.D. = 0.76)
Guidelines for enhancing digital-era work happiness among teachers include: (1).Interpersonal Relationships: Teachers should utilize digital technologies, such as LINE Official, to communicate, provide guidance, and solve students' problems promptly. This also includes continuous development of teachers’ digital communication skills. (2) Love for the Profession: Teachers should use digital technology to support effective learning management, pursue self-development, and create work they take pride in, in order to inspire passion for their profession. Collaboration and encouragement are the foundation of love for the job. (3) Work Achievement: Work success is achieved through goal-oriented collaboration, with administrators providing resources and technology, while teachers continuously apply them in teaching and professional development. (4) Recognition: Teachers continuously develop their technological skills, use digital platforms to enhance work efficiency and present their work credibly, and actively participate in knowledge-sharing activities to gain recognition within the professional community, with strong and genuine support from school administrators.

COLLABORATIVE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR A WHITE SCHOOL, FREE FROM DRUGS AND VICES OF ANUBAN CHALOEMPHRAKIAT BURIRAM SCHOOL

Chalalai Talairum — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Drugs and vices are a major problem threatening educational institutions and the future of youth. Sustainable solutions to this problem require participation from all parties. This research aims to develop and experiment with a participatory strategic management model to create a white educational institution free from drugs and vices, Chalerm Phrakiat Kindergarten School, Buriram Province, which consists of four main components: prevention, search, treatment and rehabilitation, and surveillance. This research aimed to 1) study basic information on participatory strategic management to be a white educational institution, free from drugs and vices, at Chalermphrakiat Kindergarten School, Buriram Province; 2) create a model and a model user manual; 3) trial the model and a model user manual; and 4) evaluate the model use. The target groups included 40 school administrators, teachers, and basic education school committee members. The research instruments included a 5-point rating scale questionnaire, a semi-structured interview form, a focus group expert record form, a white educational institution evaluation form, a drug and vices-free evaluation form, a questionnaire on model productivity evaluation, an evaluation form for appropriateness, consistency, usefulness, and feasibility of the model, and a satisfaction evaluation form for the model. Data were analyzed by content analysis, percentage, mean, standard deviation and PNI_modified value. The research results found that 1. The results of the study of basic data consisted of 1) prevention, 2) search, 3) treatment and cure, and 4) surveillance. 2. The results of the model creation consisted of 1) the name of the model, 2) the objectives of the model, 3) the principles of the model, 4) the four main components of the model: prevention, search, treatment and cure, and surveillance, 5) model evaluation, and 6) conditions for model success. 3. The results of the model trial found that the participation of the target group in the first round was 95.00 percent, the second round increased to 100 percent, and after the trial of the model, it was higher than before the trial in both rounds, increasing by an average of 31.05 percent. 4. The results of the model evaluation found that the productivity of the model after the trial was higher than before the trial, increasing by an average of 11.75 percent, and overall satisfaction with the model was at the highest level (µ = 4.70, σ = 0.53)

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SC4D MANAGEMENT MODEL THROUGH PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES TO ENHANCE TEACHER’S ACTIVE LEARNING MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY FOR DEVELOPING 21ST-CENTURY LEARNING SKILLS OF STUDENTS UNDER THE PRACHUABKHIRIKHAN SERVICE AREA OFFICE.

theerachai rattanarungsri — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to develop the SC4D management model through participatory processes to enhance teachers’ active learning management competency in developing 21^st -century learning skills of students under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Prachuap Khiri Khan. The objectives were: (1) to study the conceptual framework and current conditions; (2) to develop the SC4D management model; and (3) to evaluate the model’s effectiveness. The study followed the four phases of research methodology: 1) Research Phase (R1) – analysis of the management concepts and current conditions; 2) Development Phase (D1) – design and development of the SC4D management model; 3) Research Phase (R2) – implementation of the model through participatory processes; and 4) Development Phase (D2) – evaluation and refinement of the SC4D management model. The statistical data analysis were dependent t-tests, percentages, means, and standard deviations.

Research Findings :

1. The conceptual framework and current conditions were educational administration, participatory management, model development, teacher development, active learning management, and 21st-century learning skills.
The SC4D Management model consists of Support(support and promotion), Create (innovation development), Design (educational development planning), Development (professional development), Digital (integration of digital technology), and Data-Driven (data-based operation). It is divided into four stages: co-planning, co-implementation, co-evaluation, and co-reflection. The results for the SC4D Management model indicated that the model achieved a very high quality level.
3. The effectiveness of the SC4D management model was as follows:

3.1 School administration using the SC4D model achieved the highest quality level ( = 4.638, S.D. = 0.34).

3.2 Teachers’ knowledge of active learning management significantly improved after the implementation of the model at the .05 level.

3.3 Teachers’ competency in active learning management after using the model was significantly higher than before the model implementation at the .05 level.

3.4 Students’ 21st-century learning skills were significantly higher after the model implementation at the .05 level.

3.5 School administrators and teachers expressed the highest level of satisfaction with the SC4D management model ( = 4.63, S.D = 0.34).

TEACHER COMPETENCIES FOR ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING: A FRAMEWORK FOR CLASSROOM IMPLEMENTATION

Luerit Damkraden; Thaniya Yaodum, Matee Di-Sawat — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to (1) develop a conceptual framework of teacher competencies in assessment for learning and (2) construct and validate an assessment tool based on the framework, and the study was conducted in two phases. Phase one synthesized relevant literature to identify competency components, which were subsequently verified by experts. Phase two involved developing indicators and behavioral statements, and constructing the assessment tool. The research instruments comprised a semi-structured interview protocol and a five-point rating scale. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, and content analysis.

The results indicated that the conceptual framework comprised seven components:
(1) setting learning goals, (2) clarifying assessment objectives, (3) collecting learning evidence,
(4) evaluating learning from evidence, (5) reflecting on learning, (6) improving learning, and
(7) summarizing learning outcomes. Expert review confirmed its appropriateness (100%). The final instrument consisted of 7 components, 16 indicators, and 39 behavioral statements. The content validity index (IOC) ranged from 0.67 to 1.00, and the overall reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s Alpha) was 0.956, indicating that the instrument demonstrated high content validity and reliability.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLACE-H MODEL FOR PLACE-BASED LEARNING TO ENHANCE HOLISTIC WELL-BEING AMONG HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS.

Krittigorn Kaembai; Mathee Anan — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to (1) examine the current conditions, needs, and problems in learning management among higher education students, (2) develop the PLACE-H Model for Place-Based Learning to enhance students’ holistic well-being, (3) implement the PLACE-H Model in practice, and (4) evaluate the effectiveness of the developed model. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design. The sample consisted of 20 undergraduate students from the College of Fine Arts, Bunditpatanasilpa Institute, during the second semester of the 2024 academic year, selected through volunteer sampling. This group possesses distinctive characteristics in the field of visual arts, making it particularly well-suited to the PLACE-H model which emphasizes real-place-based activities through culturally and artistically oriented learning processes. Research instruments included questionnaires, model evaluation forms, and a holistic well-being assessment tool. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), t-test, as well as content analysis.

The findings revealed that the current state of learning management for promoting holistic well-being was at a moderate level, whereas students’ needs for such learning management were at a high to very high level. Most learning problems reflected the necessity of developing a model that could address all four dimensions of well-being: physical, mental, social, and intellectual. The PLACE-H model (Participatory Learning, Localized Content, Active & Authentic Learning, Community Engagement, Experiential Learning, Holistic Health Focus), of place-based learning developed in this study comprises six essential components: principles, objectives, content, activities, media, and assessment. Expert evaluation indicated that the overall appropriateness of the model was at the highest level. The experimental implementation further showed that students’ post-learning well-being scores were significantly higher than their pre-learning scores at the .05 level of statistical significance. In addition, students’ overall opinions toward the model were rated at the highest level.

CREATIVE LEADERSHIP OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF TEACHERS UNDER THE NAKHON RATCHASIMA PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE 4

Nisachon Worrasuk; Banjob Boonchan — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this research is 1) to study the performance of teachers. Under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office, Area 4, 2) To study the creative leadership of educational institution administrators. Under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office, Areas 4 and 3) to create a prediction equation for the creative leadership of educational institution administrators that affects teachers' performance. Under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office, Area 4, the sample group included educational institution administrators and teachers. Under the office Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area 4, a total of 327 people. The sample group was obtained by random stratification using the position as the background for random sampling. The research tool is a scale questionnaire divided into 5 levels. The statistics used are frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression was analyzed

The research results found that 1) Teacher performance Under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office, Area 4, overall it is at a high level. 2) Creative leadership of educational institution administrators. Under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office, Area 4, overall vision is at the highest level. 3) Leadership Creativity of educational institution administrators that affects teachers' performance Under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office, Area 4, in terms of creativity. and vision Influence teachers' performance Under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office, Area 4, with statistical significance at the level of01 The most influential aspect is creativity, followed by vision, respectively. The multiple correlation coefficient between these aspects and teacher performance. Under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office, Area 4 is546 and these aspects can explain the variance in teacher performance in educational institutions. Under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office, Area 4, 29.40 percent

From the results of this research It can be used to create a prediction equation for the creative leadership of educational institution administrators that affects teachers' performance. Under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office, Area 4

SELECTED FACTORS AFFECTING THE OPERATION OF THE STUDENT ASSISTANCE SYSTEM IN SCHOOLS UNDER THE CHAIYAPHUM PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE 3

Ujcharaphon Namsrichat; Banjob Boonchan — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this research were to study 1) To study the operation of the student assistance system in schools under the Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. 2) To study selected factors affecting the operation of the student assistance system in schools under the Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. And 3) To create a predictive equation for selected factors affecting the operation of the student assistance system in schools under the Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. The sample consisted of 313 school administrators and teachers under the Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 for the 2024 academic year. The tool used was a questionnaire. The quality of the tool was assessed for validity and reliability. The student assistance system operation had an overall reliability value of .907, and the selected factors affecting the operation of the student assistance system had an overall reliability value of .948. The statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The research findings were as follows: 1) The operation of the student assistance system in schools under the Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 was at a high level overall. When considered individually, all aspects were at a high level. The aspect with the highest mean was getting to know students individually, and the aspect with the lowest mean was student screening. 2) The selected factors affecting the operation of the student assistance system in schools under the Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 were at a high level overall. When considered by individual factor, all factors were at a high level. The factor with the highest mean was leadership, and the factor with the lowest mean was teamwork. 3) There were six selected factors that affected the operation of the student assistance system in schools under the Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, arranged in descending order of influence: the collaboration of teachers, parents, and the community, followed by information technology, teamwork, leadership, management, and budget and educational resources, respectively, with statistical significance at the .01 level. The multiple correlation coefficient between these factors and the operation of the student assistance system was .899, and these factors could explain 80.4% of the variance in the operation of the student assistance system.

Based on the research findings that the factor of collaboration among teachers, parents, and the community had the highest influence, the Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 should promote the development of school administrators and teachers in the effective operation of the student assistance system.

THE STUDY OF DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS ACCORDING TO THE OPINIONS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS UNDER THE UBON RATCHATHANI PROVINCIAL EDUCATION OFFICE

apinya sookchuay; Apinya Sookchuay, Chuankid Masena — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed 1) to study the desirable characteristics of elementary school teachers according to the opinions of school administrators under the Ubon Ratchathani Provincial Education Office, and 2) to compare the desirable characteristics of elementary school teachers according to the opinions of school administrators under the Ubon Ratchathani Provincial Education Office, classified by gender, educational level, and work experience. The sample group in this research was 296 school administrators under the Ubon Ratchathani Provincial Education Office. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of .98. The statistics used for data analysis were mean, standard deviation, t-test and one way analysis of variance (F-test, one way ANOVA).

The research results found that 1) the desirable characteristics of elementary school teachers according to the opinions of school administrators under the Ubon Ratchathani Provincial Education Office were at the highest level overall (𝑥̅ = 4.86, S.D. = 0.10), and 2) the comparison of desirable characteristics of elementary school teachers according to the opinions of school administrators under the Ubon Ratchathani Provincial Education Office classified by gender, educational level, and work experience showed no overall difference.

STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE IN SCHOOLS UNDER THE OFFICE OF NAKHON RATCHASIMA PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA 3

Piyada Arsa; Bonjob Boonchan — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this research were 1) to study the implementation of internal quality assurance in schools, 2) to study the 21st century strategic leadership of school administrators, and 3) to create a predictive equation of 21st century strategic leadership of school administrators and the implementation of internal quality assurance. The sample comprised 32 school administrators and 288 teachers. The research instrument was a questionnaire with the validity index of 1.00 and the overall reliability coefficients of .935 and .906, respectively. The statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The research found that. 1) The overall level of internal quality assurance implementation in schools was rated at a high level. When considering each aspect individually, all were also rated at a high level. The aspect with the highest mean score was the establishment of educational standards in schools, followed by the development of educational management plans, the preparation of annual self-assessment reports, the implementation of educational development plans, and the monitoring, evaluation, and follow-up of school operations, respectively. 2) The overall level of 21st century strategic leadership among school administrators was at a high level. When considering each dimension, all were also at a high level. The dimension with the highest mean score was strategy implementation, followed by strategic planning, strategy formulation, and revolutionary thinking, respectively. 3) All dimensions of 21st century strategic leadership among school administrators exerted a statistically significant combined influence on the implementation of internal quality assurance in schools at the .01 level.

Standardized Score Equation:

_y= 0.453(strategy implementation) + 0.187(followed by strategic planning)

+ 0.142(strategy formulation) + 0.141(revolutionary thinking)

COMPONENTS OF CREATIVE LEADERSHIP FOR SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS IN SOUTHERN KRUNGTHON DISTRICT GROUP UNDER DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION BANGKOK METROPOLITAN ADMINISTRATION

Nutchanart Triyawong; Thada Siththada — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to (1) assess the level of creative leadership among school administrators in the Thonburi area under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, and (2) identify its key components. The sample consisted of 346 participants, including 34 administrators and 312 teachers during the 2024 academic year. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used, with content validity (IOC = 0.67–1.00) and high reliability (α = 0.986). Data analysis included descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation.

Findings revealed that administrators demonstrated a high level of creative leadership (Mean = 4.47, S.D. = 0.71). The most prominent behaviors were promoting technology use in teaching, valuing teachers' input, and fostering collaboration. EFA identified eight components with eigenvalues above 1, accounting for 86.28% of total variance: (1) team-based leadership, (2) innovation-promoting leadership, (3) visionary and strategic leadership, (4) imaginative thinking, (5) individual-oriented leadership, (6) flexibility and adaptability, (7) problem-solving and decision-making, and (8) relationship-building.

The results suggest that creative leadership among school administrators is diverse and aligned with 21st-century leadership principles, emphasizing participation, innovation, and adaptability. These insights support leadership self-assessment and targeted development in educational settings

DEVELOPING A MEDITATION TRAINING SYSTEM FOR FOREIGNERS TO CREATE SOFT POWER STANDARDS

Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: 1) design a meditation training curriculum for foreign participants, 2) implement, monitor, and evaluate the training program, and 3) elevate meditation practice as Thailand’s Soft Power. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative research and action research. The key informants included 15 experts in Vipassanā meditation, 5 participants in focused group discussions, and 15 foreign meditation practitioners. The research instruments consisted of interviews, focus group discussions, meditation practice activities, and evaluation forms.

The findings revealed that

The developed curriculum aligns with global trends, emphasizing universal Dhamma principles—particularly the Four Foundations of Mindfulness (Satipaṭṭhāna 4) and the Four Divine States (Brahmavihāra 4). It uses simple, accessible, and culturally adaptive language, with both short-term and long-term programs designed to promote deep and sustainable learning.
Training under the IsMed Model is systematic, practical, and responsive to participants from diverse cultural backgrounds. More than 90% of participants expressed high satisfaction, demonstrated a basic understanding of Dhamma, and were able to apply meditation practices to personal development effectively.

3. The elevation of meditation as Thailand’s Soft Power emphasizes the development of curriculum, personnel, training centers, media, and networks. Model centers such as Wat Mahathat and Sathira-Dhammasathan were utilized, supported by digital media to enhance accessibility. Participants reported greater inner calm, mindfulness, and the ability to integrate meditation into daily life. The key outcome of this study is the proposal of the IsMed Model, consisting of: 1) an inclusive curriculum for international learners, 2) simplicity with depth, 3) intercultural management, 4) experiential learning, and 5) modern media integration — all serving as a holistic framework for elevating Thai meditation training toward global recognition and sustainable Soft Power.

THE ROLE OF BUDDHISM IN PROMOTING VALUES AMONG THE YOUNGER GENERATION TO PREVENT INVOLVEMENT WITH VICES

Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This academic article aims to present role of Buddhism in promoting proper values among the younger generation to prevent and reduce involvement with vices. The findings indicate that core Buddhist teachings, such as the Five Precepts, are crucial for fostering self-awareness and responsibility in youths. The current social context reveals that many young people are at risk due to peer influence, social media exposure, and a lack of spiritual anchors. Analysis suggests that addressing these issues requires strengthening mental resilience, disseminating accessible Buddhist teachings, and developing tailored learning materials.

The article proposes applying key Buddhist principles, such as the Four Bases of Success (Iddhipada) to inspire determination, the Threefold Training (Sīla, Samādhi, Paññā) to cultivate morality, concentration, and wisdom, and the Middle Path (Majjhimā Paṭipadā) for a balanced life. It also recommends leveraging modern technology like Dhamma applications and podcasts to make teachings more engaging. The article emphasizes fostering collaboration among families, schools, and religious organizations. In conclusion, Buddhism can serve as a vital mechanism for sustainably instilling proper values and preventing vices among young people, provided that educational and media approaches are adapted to their contemporary lifestyles.

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF DHARMA APPEARED IN THE CEREMONY OF ANAMNIKAYA SANGHA

Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the Buddhist doctrines embedded in the rituals of the Annamnikaya monastic order in Thailand, with particular emphasis on the doctrines manifested in merit-dedication rituals. The study is based on an examination of relevant documentary sources. The merit-dedication rituals, such as the Kong Tek and Ting Kradat ceremonies, focus on the cultivation of perfections (pāramī) through the practice of abstaining from evil, performing good deeds, and purifying the mind-core principles that represent the essence of Buddhism.

The Buddha employed three approaches in disseminating his teachings: reform, revolution, and the establishment of new doctrines. Accordingly, the propagation of Buddhism by the Annamnikaya order through ritual practices may be regarded as a reform and transformation of Taoist and Confucian teachings, integrated with Buddhist thought. The doctrines expressed in these rituals can be categorized into two forms: (1) Āmisapūjā-worship through material offerings, and (2) Paṭipattipūjā-worship through practical conduct.

In addition, other doctrinal teachings are interwoven within these rituals, such as loving-kindness and compassion (mettā and karuṇā) expressed through the bodhisattva ideal, and gratitude and filial piety toward benefactors or ancestors. The Kong Tek ceremony, for instance, exemplifies the doctrine of gratitude and the veneration of those worthy of respect. It teaches adherents to remember and honor their deceased ancestors by reflecting upon their virtues and performing merit-dedication rituals with faith and devotion, thereby cultivating perfections such as generosity (dāna-pāramī) and moral discipline (sīla-pāramī).

Moreover, these rituals serve as a practical path leading toward the ultimate goal-supreme bliss-with Sukhāvatī, the Pure Land, as the final destination. This is achieved through the recitation and contemplation of the name of Amitābha Buddha, in accordance with the Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition. Such practices reflect the faith and devotion characteristic of Mahāyāna Buddhism.

WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND WOMEN’S LEADERSHIP: LEGAL, SOCIAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE DIMENSIONS

Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to analyze and synthesize the relationship between women’s rights and women’s leadership in legal, social, and administrative dimensions, highlighting the importance of women’s rights as fundamental human rights that affirm the dignity and equality of women. In Thailand, laws and the constitution have been enacted to guarantee gender equality, including the prohibition of gender-based discrimination, protection from domestic violence, and the amendment of honorific titles. Nevertheless, in practice, women continue to face rights violations and inequalities in family life, labor, and access to justice. In the social and administrative context, women have increasingly gained opportunities to enter the labor market and hold leadership positions as a result of feminist movements and cultural changes that have elevated the recognition of women’s roles. However, significant challenges remain, particularly the “glass ceiling” and patriarchal attitudes, which continue to hinder women from attaining the highest positions. Research findings affirm that leadership success depends on individual abilities rather than gender. Female leaders are often found to possess strengths in interpersonal relations and participatory management, complementing the decisiveness and competitiveness commonly associated with male leadership styles. In conclusion, women’s rights and women’s leadership serve as vital indicators of social and political development. Promoting women’s roles through both legal and socio-cultural dimensions helps foster genuine equality and acts as a driving force for sustainable national development.

THE ROLE OF LOCAL MUSEUMS AND BUDDHIST MONKS IN THE CONSERVATION OF HISTORICAL SITES AND ARTIFACTS IN THAILAND

Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The academic article entitled “The Role of Local Museums and Buddhist Monks in the Conservation of Historical Sites and Artifacts in Thailand” aims to explore the concepts and perspectives related to the conservation of historical sites and artifacts, as well as to analyze the roles of local museums and Buddhist monks in preserving the nation’s cultural heritage. The study is based on a review of literature, academic documents, and relevant legal frameworks. Findings reveal that most historical sites and artifacts in Thailand are closely linked to Buddhism, such as temples, ordination halls, vihāras, stupas, Buddha images, and various forms of Buddhist art. These religious monuments not only serve spiritual functions but also reflect the prosperity of Thai society in terms of economy, politics, culture, and technology across different eras. Thus, the conservation of historical sites is regarded as the preservation of “living textbooks” and spiritual legacies inherited from ancestors. Local museums play a vital role as permanent institutions that collect, preserve, and display objects representing local ways of life, wisdom, and history for the purposes of education and public awareness, while encouraging community participation. At the same time, Buddhist monks serve as spiritual leaders, guardians of religious sites, and transmitters of conservation knowledge to local people through the restoration of religious monuments, the dissemination of Dhamma teachings, and collaboration with governmental agencies in managing heritage sites. In conclusion, local museums and Buddhist monks play complementary roles: local museums function as repositories and disseminators of cultural knowledge, while monks act as direct custodians of heritage and foster moral and spiritual awareness. Together, these mechanisms are crucial for the sustainable conservation and transmission of historical sites and artifacts in Thai society.

RESEARCH COMPETENCY: AS A KEY FACTOR FOR ENHANCING THAI TEACHERS’ ABILITY IN LEARNER DEVELOPMENT.

Boontharik Sriboonruang; Wongwit Muemthep, Trakul Chiwattanakorn — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This academic article aims to highlight the importance of teachers’ research competencies, their role as researchers, and propose strategies to enhance these competencies to improve student quality. The article synthesizes relevant literature and academic documents. Research competency refers to an individual's ability to successfully conduct effective research and comprises three main components: knowledge competency, skills competency, and attitude competency. Teachers’ research competencies significantly impact student development, problem-solving, and quality enhancement. Such competencies enable teachers to design teaching activities that apply research to improve instructional processes or address classroom issues tailored to diverse learner needs. Examples include finding better teaching methods, integrating innovative teaching tools, employing research for learner analysis, evaluating learning outcomes, and assessing teaching effectiveness for continual improvement. Besides providing knowledge, practical skill training, and fostering positive research attitudes among teachers, supportive policies from supervisors or educational agencies—such as using research output in salary promotion and professional advancement decisions—serve as additional motivators for teachers to engage in research aimed at improving student quality.

THE GOPIS AND KRISHNA'S CONSORTS IN THE BHAGAVATA PURANA, CANTO 10: SIGNIFICANCE, SIMILARITIES, AND DIFFERENCES AS EMBODIMENTS OF BHAKTI

Supreechaya Chabchai; Asst. Prof. Dr Sombat Mangmeesukhsiri2 — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Among the diverse lilas (divine plays) depicted in Bhagavata Purana Canto 10, the narratives related to Madhurya Rasa (the flavor of erotic love) are particularly prominent. Two primary groups of women are central to this Rasa: the Gopis of Vrindavana and the Ashtabharya (the eight principal queens of Dvaraka). This article presents a qualitative research study that employs content analysis to examine the roles, significance, and dynamics of their relationships with Lord Krishna, as well as the philosophical implications of these two groups of women. This is achieved through a comparative interpretation of their similarities and differences, primarily presented within the context of Canto 10 of the Bhagavata Purana. The most crucial philosophical foundation of Hinduism interwoven into these narratives is the concept of Bhakti, or selfless, devotional love for God, which is presented as the supreme path to bliss and liberation. The presence of both the Gopis and the Ashtabharya in Canto 10 of the Bhagavata Purana has profound philosophical significance. Together, they illustrate the divine love and the diverse forms of relationship that a soul can have with the Supreme Being, Lord Krishna. They represent different Rasas and varying degrees of intensity of Bhakti. Their stories also reveal the comprehensive nature of Lord Krishna, who is capable of sustaining multiple relationships—from the deeply intimate and unconventional one with the Gopis to the socially integrated and conventional one with the Ashtabharya. This reflects His role as both the supreme lover and the ultimate upholder of Dharma and the hearts of His devotees

TEACHING LITERATURE READING USING THE AUTHOR'S QUESTIONING TECHNIQUE

phichet kamngam; Phramaha Sirisak Dammasakko, Phramaha sarawut Varavudho — Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to explore and propose instructional approaches for teaching Thai literature through the application of the Questioning the Author (QTA) technique, which emphasizes learners’ interaction with texts by questioning the author to promote reading comprehension and critical thinking. QTA is considered most suitable for secondary school students, as it corresponds with their cognitive development that allows for making connections, questioning, analysis, and deep interpretation. At the same time, it can also be adapted for upper elementary students to strengthen reading skills and for higher education students to support in-depth literary criticism. Developed by Beck and McKeown, QTA is a reading instructional process that highlights questioning the author, discussion, and active interaction between learners and texts, thereby fostering deeper comprehension, learner engagement, and the ability to construct meaning independently. This article also draws upon two key theoretical frameworks: Schema Theory and Constructivism. In addition, it presents systematic instructional steps for applying QTA, including lesson planning, text preparation, question design, pre–during–post reading activities, and classroom discussions. The findings indicate that QTA enhances students’ questioning skills, interpretive abilities, and literary analysis, while also promoting active learning and authentic learner participation in the teaching–learning process.